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item_id: 216f568f8bfc4abe967af40506dd4c90
item_updated_time: 1764345626507
title_diff: "[{\"diffs\":[[1,\"Linux运维大佬总结的常用命令，拿走不谢\"]],\"start1\":0,\"start2\":0,\"length1\":0,\"length2\":21}]"
body_diff: "[{\"diffs\":[[1,\"<html>\\\r\\\n<head>\\\r\\\n  <title>Linux运维大佬总结的常用命令，拿走不谢</title>\\\r\\\n  <basefont face=\\\"微软雅黑\\\" size=\\\"2\\\" />\\\r\\\n  <meta http-equiv=\\\"Content-Type\\\" content=\\\"text/html;charset=utf-8\\\" />\\\r\\\n  <meta name=\\\"exporter-version\\\" content=\\\"YXBJ Windows/608924 (zh-CN, DDL); Windows/10.0.0 (Win64); EDAMVersion=V2;\\\"/>\\\r\\\n  <meta name=\\\"content-class\\\" content=\\\"yinxiang.peso.superNote\\\"/>\\\r\\\n  <meta name=\\\"application-data:yinxiang.noteLayout\\\" content=\\\"{\\\"lineSpace\\\":\\\"recommend\\\",\\\"paragraphSpace\\\":\\\"recommend\\\"}\\\"/>\\\r\\\n  <style>\\\r\\\n\\tbody, td {\\\r\\\n\\t  font-family: 微软雅黑;\\\r\\\n\\t  font-size: 12pt;\\\r\\\n\\t}\\\r\\\n  </style>\\\r\\\n</head>\\\r\\\n<body>\\\r\\\n<a name=\\\"39510\\\"></a>\\\r\\\n<h1>Linux运维大佬总结的常用命令，拿走不谢</h1>\\\r\\\n\\\r\\\n<div><span style=\\\"\\\"><div style=\\\"max-width: 700px;\\\"><p></p><div style=\\\"--en-blockquote: true; box-sizing: border-box; border-left: 3px solid #b4c0cc; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;\\\"><div>原文链接: <a href=\\\"http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzkwOTY0NTYzOA==&amp;mid=2247488457&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=0086d17cef40ebd2bacf0e5ad33eaf67&amp;chksm=c062b5bf1a1a69028beb0f22b040cffe915ad39f7fabb5039a8fe063947d0ef01afa3249b0e9&amp;mpshare=1&amp;scene=1&amp;srcid=0408YS94PDoYVfC8LpMVsL4d&amp;sharer_shareinfo=ae9d82b9e7287b66c0a48aef8f7dd007&amp;sharer_shareinfo_first=ae9d82b9e7287b66c0a48aef8f7dd007#rd\\\"><span>http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzkwOTY0NTYzOA==&amp;mid=2247488...</span></a></div></div><p></p><div style=\\\"\\\"><div><div><div><span style=\\\"\\\">原创</span><span> 唐哥 </span><span><a style=\\\"\\\"> 成长的小学生 </a></span><span><em></em></span></div><div style=\\\"\\\"><p style=\\\"text-align: left; text-indent: 2em;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>作为一名Linux运维工程师，日常工作中会频繁使用各种命令来管理系统、排查问题和维护服务器。以下是一些常用的命令及其用途，学会后，还可以用其编写shell脚本，工作效率将大大提升。</span></span></p><p style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>1. </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span>文件和目录操作</span></span></p><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>ls</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 列出目录内容。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>ls [选项] [目录]</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>常用选项：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-l</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（详细信息）、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-a</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（显示隐藏文件）、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-h</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（人类可读的文件大小）。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>cd</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 切换目录。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>cd [目录路径]</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>例如：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>cd /var/log</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 进入 </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>/var/log</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 目录。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>pwd</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 显示当前工作目录的路径。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>pwd</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>cp</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 复制文件或目录。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>cp [选项] 源文件 目标文件</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>常用选项：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-r</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（递归复制目录）。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>mv</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 移动或重命名文件或目录。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>mv 源文件 目标文件</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>rm</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 删除文件或目录。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>rm [选项] 文件</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>常用选项：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-r</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（递归删除目录）、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-f</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（强制删除）。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>mkdir</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 创建目录。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>mkdir [选项] 目录名</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>常用选项：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-p</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（递归创建目录）。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>touch</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 创建空文件或更新文件时间戳。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>touch 文件名</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>find</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 查找文件或目录。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>find [路径] [选项]</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>例如：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>find /var/log -name &quot;*.log&quot;</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 查找 </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>/var/log</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 目录下所有 </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>.log</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 文件。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>grep</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 在文件中搜索文本。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>grep [选项] &quot;模式&quot; 文件</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>常用选项：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-i</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（忽略大小写）、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-r</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（递归搜索目录）。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>cat</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 查看文件内容。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>cat 文件名</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>more</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span> / </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>less</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 分页查看文件内容。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>more 文件名</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 或 </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>less 文件名</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>head</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span> / </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>tail</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 查看文件的开头或结尾部分。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>head 文件名</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 或 </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>tail 文件名</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>常用选项：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-n</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（显示行数），例如 </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>tail -n 100 文件名</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 查看最后100行。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>tar</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 打包和解压文件。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>tar [选项] 文件</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>常用选项：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-c</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（创建压缩包）、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-x</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（解压）、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-z</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（使用gzip压缩）、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-v</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（显示过程）。</span></span></li></ul></ul><p style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>2. </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span>系统信息查看</span></span></p><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>uname</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 显示系统信息。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>uname [选项]</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>常用选项：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-a</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（显示所有信息）。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>df</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 查看磁盘空间使用情况。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>df [选项]</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>常用选项：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-h</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（人类可读的格式）。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>du</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 查看目录或文件的磁盘使用情况。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>du [选项] [目录]</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>常用选项：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-h</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（人类可读的格式）、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-s</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（汇总显示）。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>free</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 查看内存使用情况。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>free [选项]</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>常用选项：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-h</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（人类可读的格式）。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>top</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span> / </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>htop</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 实时查看系统资源使用情况（CPU、内存等）。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>top</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 或 </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>htop</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>ps</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 查看进程状态。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>ps [选项]</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>常用选项：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-aux</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（显示所有进程）。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>uptime</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 查看系统运行时间和负载。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>uptime</span></span></li></ul></ul><p style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>3. </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span>网络相关</span></span></p><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>ifconfig</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span> / </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>ip</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 查看和配置网络接口。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>ifconfig</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 或 </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>ip addr show</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>ping</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 测试网络连通性。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>ping [选项] 目标地址</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>例如：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>ping google.com</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>netstat</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 查看网络连接、路由表、接口统计信息。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>netstat [选项]</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>常用选项：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-tuln</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（查看监听端口）。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>ss</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 查看网络连接信息（</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>netstat</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 的替代工具）。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>ss [选项]</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>常用选项：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-tuln</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（查看监听端口）。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>curl</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span> / </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>wget</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 下载文件或测试网络请求。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>curl [选项] URL</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 或 </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>wget [选项] URL</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>nslookup</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span> / </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>dig</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 查询DNS信息。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>nslookup 域名</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 或 </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>dig 域名</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>traceroute</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 跟踪数据包的路由路径。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>traceroute 目标地址</span></span></li></ul></ul><p style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>4. </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span>用户和权限管理</span></span></p><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>useradd</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span> / </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>userdel</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 添加或删除用户。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>useradd 用户名</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 或 </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>userdel 用户名</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>passwd</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 修改用户密码。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>passwd [用户名]</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>chmod</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 修改文件或目录的权限。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>chmod [权限] 文件</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>例如：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>chmod 755 文件名</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>chown</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 修改文件或目录的所有者。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>chown [用户]:[组] 文件</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>例如：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>chown root:root 文件名</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>sudo</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 以超级用户权限执行命令。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>sudo 命令</span></span></li></ul></ul><p style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>5. </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span>系统管理</span></span></p><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>systemctl</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 管理系统服务。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>systemctl [选项] 服务名</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>常用选项：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>start</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>stop</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>restart</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>status</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>enable</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>disable</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>journalctl</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 查看系统日志。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>journalctl [选项]</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>常用选项：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-f</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（实时查看日志）、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>-u</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（查看指定服务的日志）。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>crontab</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 管理定时任务。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>crontab -e</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（编辑定时任务）、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>crontab -l</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（列出定时任务）。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>shutdown</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span> / </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>reboot</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 关机或重启系统。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>shutdown [选项]</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 或 </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>reboot</span></span></li></ul></ul><p style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>6. </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span>软件包管理</span></span></p><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>apt</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span> / </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>yum</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span> / </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>dnf</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 包管理工具（取决于发行版）。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>apt install 包名</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 或 </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>yum install 包名</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>常用选项：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>install</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>remove</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>update</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>、</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>upgrade</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>dpkg</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span> / </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>rpm</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 管理 </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>.deb</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 或 </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>.rpm</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 包。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>dpkg -i 包名.deb</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 或 </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>rpm -ivh 包名.rpm</span></span></li></ul></ul><p style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>7. </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span>文本处理</span></span></p><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>awk</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 强大的文本处理工具。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>awk '模式 {动作}' 文件</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>例如：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>awk '{print $1}' 文件</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 打印文件的第一列。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>sed</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 流编辑器，用于文本替换、删除等操作。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>sed 's/旧文本/新文本/' 文件</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>cut</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 按列截取文本。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>cut -d 分隔符 -f 列号 文件</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>例如：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>cut -d ',' -f 1 文件</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 按逗号分隔并提取第一列。</span></span></li></ul></ul><p style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>8. </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span>远程连接</span></span></p><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>ssh</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 远程登录到其他服务器。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>ssh 用户名@主机地址</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>scp</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 通过SSH复制文件。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>scp 源文件 目标地址</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>例如：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>scp file.txt user@remote:/path/to/destination</span></span></li></ul></ul><p style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>9. </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span>性能监控</span></span></p><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>vmstat</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 查看系统性能（CPU、内存、I/O等）。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>vmstat [选项] [间隔时间] [次数]</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>例如：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>vmstat 1 5</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span> 每隔1秒显示一次，共显示5次。</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>iostat</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 查看磁盘I/O性能。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>iostat [选项] [间隔时间] [次数]</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>sar</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 系统活动报告工具，用于监控系统性能。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>sar [选项] [间隔时间] [次数]</span></span></li></ul></ul><p style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>10. </span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-weight: bold;\\\"><span>其他常用命令</span></span></p><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>history</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 查看命令历史记录。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>history</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>alias</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 创建命令别名。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>alias 别名='命令'</span></span></li><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>例如：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>alias ll='ls -l'</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>which</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 查找命令的路径。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>which 命令</span></span></li></ul></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: disc; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>ln</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>: 创建硬链接或软链接。</span></span></li></ul><ul style=\\\"\\\"><ul style=\\\"\\\"><li style=\\\"text-align: left; list-style-position: inside; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; list-style-type: circle; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>用法：</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>ln -s 源文件 目标文件</span></span><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>（创建软链接）。</span></span></li></ul></ul><p style=\\\"text-align: left; text-indent: 2em;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span><br/></span></span></p><p style=\\\"text-align: left; text-indent: 2em;\\\"><span style=\\\"color: rgb(64, 64, 64);\\\"><span>这些命令是Linux运维工程师日常工作中最常用的工具，熟练掌握它们可以大大提高工作效率。</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></span>\\\n</div></body></html>\\u0000\"]],\"start1\":0,\"start2\":0,\"length1\":0,\"length2\":63901}]"
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updated_time: 2025-11-28T21:03:45.037Z
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