640 [2].png

id: a0806f2e20a74be497cb3126ee43a978
mime: image/png
filename: 
created_time: 2025-11-28T16:55:16.091Z
updated_time: 2025-11-30T13:39:00.811Z
user_created_time: 2025-11-28T16:55:16.091Z
user_updated_time: 2025-11-30T13:39:00.811Z
file_extension: png
encryption_cipher_text: 
encryption_applied: 0
encryption_blob_encrypted: 0
size: 595320
is_shared: 0
share_id: 
master_key_id: 
user_data: 
blob_updated_time: 1764348916091
ocr_text: _ + In general, pages can be positioned anywhere on disk; your particular worldoad in order to make a valid compari-\n[] [Designing Data: © there is nothing requiring pages with nearby key ranges. ‘son. In this section we will briefly discuss a few things that\nFi, tobe nearby on disk. If a query needs to scan overalarge are worth considering when measuring the performance of\n: part of the key range in sorted order, that page-by-page a storage engine.\nlayout can be inefficient, because a disk seek may be\nLike SSTables, B-trees keep required for every page that is read. Many B-tree imple- Advantages of LSM-trees\nrT ‘mentations therefore try to lay out the tree so that leaf AB-tree index must write every piece of data at least twice:\npages appear in sequential order on disk. However, it's once to the write-ahead log, and once to the tree page itself\ndifficult to maintain that order as the tree grows. BY Con- (uu bern again as pages are split) Thers is ssa over:\n“This algorithm ensures that trast, since LSM-trees rewrite large segments of the stor- ’ OS 20. S088 D858 ALA LEE TERR\nthe tree remains balanced: a age in one go during merging, its easier for them to keep oi <2 SEL ERE RE ee\nBree with n keys always ha... sequential keys close to each other on disk. nes Sven orerTie the Same pags twice in order to\nB + Additional pointers have been added to the tree. For avoid ending up with a partially updated page in the event\nBe example, each leaf page may have references to its sib- of a power failure (24, 25].\nling pages to the left Log-structured indexes als ite data multipl\neee keys in order without) {Ia CC REC IS du to repeated compaction and merging of SSTables, This\nrr + B-tree variants such | yes 122] effect—one write to the database resulting in multiple\nlog-structured ideas A. XD ves. to the disk over hn course ot the databases lifetime\nnothing to do with fractals). —is known as write amplification. It is of particular concern\nfs cieoriems ed ne on SSDs, which can only overwrite blocks a limited number\nWhereas B-irees are though... Comparing B-Trees and LSM-Trees oftimes before wearing ou\nIn write-heavy applications, the performance bottleneck\nTR Even though B-tree implementations are generally more ight pe the rate at which the database can write to disk In\nmature than LSM-tree implementations, LSM-trees are this case, write amplification has a direct performance cost:\nBe also interesting due to their performance characteristics. the more that a storage engine writes to disk, the fewer\nREO Asa rule of thumb, LSM- trees are typically faster for writes, rites per second it can handle within the available disk\nor typsty feta fo kas, whereas B-trees are thought to be faster for reads [23] pandwidth.\nwhores -res se ig. Reads are typically slower on LSM- trees because they have\n10 check several different data structures and SSTables at Moreover, LSM-trees are typically able to sustain higher\nThere s also overhead from different stages of compaction. write throughput than B-trees, partly because they some-\nhaving writ an entire page times have lower write amplification (although this\nare oa Gar However, benchmarks are often inconclusive and sensitive gepends on the storage engine configuration and workload),\nto details of the woridoad. You need to test systems with and partly because they sequentially write compact SSTable\n= 5 o Loc. 244 1086
ocr_details: [{"words":[{"t":"_","bb":[54,76,78,80],"bl":[54,76,76,76]},{"t":"+","bb":[274,279,69,73],"bl":[274,279,76,76]},{"t":"In","bb":[288,300,66,75],"bl":[288,300,76,76]},{"t":"general,","bb":[305,351,65,79],"bl":[305,351,76,75]},{"t":"pages","bb":[357,389,68,79],"bl":[357,389,75,75]},{"t":"can","bb":[395,415,68,75],"bl":[395,415,75,75]},{"t":"be","bb":[421,434,65,76],"bl":[421,434,75,75]},{"t":"positioned","bb":[439,500,65,79],"bl":[439,500,75,75]},{"t":"anywhere","bb":[506,563,65,79],"bl":[506,563,75,76]},{"t":"on","bb":[568,583,68,76],"bl":[568,583,76,76]},{"t":"disk;","bb":[588,614,65,77],"bl":[588,614,76,76]},{"t":"your","bb":[655,681,68,79],"bl":[655,681,75,75]},{"t":"particular","bb":[685,742,65,79],"bl":[685,742,75,75]},{"t":"worldoad","bb":[745,849,65,76],"bl":[745,849,75,75]},{"t":"in","bb":[802,813,56,86],"bl":[802,813,75,75]},{"t":"order","bb":[817,848,65,76],"bl":[817,848,75,75]},{"t":"to","bb":[852,864,67,75],"bl":[852,864,75,75]},{"t":"make","bb":[867,940,65,76],"bl":[867,940,75,75]},{"t":"a","bb":[902,908,56,86],"bl":[902,908,75,75]},{"t":"valid","bb":[912,940,65,76],"bl":[912,940,75,75]},{"t":"compari-","bb":[943,996,68,79],"bl":[943,996,75,75]}]},{"words":[{"t":"[]","bb":[50,76,72,110],"bl":[50,76,91,91]},{"t":"[Designing","bb":[87,142,72,98],"bl":[87,142,91,91]},{"t":"Data:","bb":[147,178,72,98],"bl":[147,178,91,91]},{"t":"©","bb":[206,219,88,101],"bl":[206,219,91,91]},{"t":"there","bb":[284,317,72,98],"bl":[284,317,91,91]},{"t":"is","bb":[320,331,72,98],"bl":[320,331,91,91]},{"t":"nothing","bb":[335,380,72,98],"bl":[335,380,91,91]},{"t":"requiring","bb":[385,438,72,98],"bl":[385,438,91,91]},{"t":"pages","bb":[444,475,72,98],"bl":[444,475,91,91]},{"t":"with","bb":[478,503,72,98],"bl":[478,503,91,91]},{"t":"nearby","bb":[509,614,81,94],"bl":[509,614,91,91]},{"t":"key","bb":[552,570,72,98],"bl":[552,570,91,91]},{"t":"ranges.","bb":[576,614,81,94],"bl":[576,614,91,91]},{"t":"‘son.","bb":[655,678,84,91],"bl":[655,678,91,91]},{"t":"In","bb":[682,694,82,91],"bl":[682,694,91,91]},{"t":"this","bb":[698,719,81,91],"bl":[698,719,91,91]},{"t":"section","bb":[723,764,72,98],"bl":[723,764,91,91]},{"t":"we","bb":[770,784,72,98],"bl":[770,784,91,91]},{"t":"will","bb":[789,807,72,98],"bl":[789,807,91,91]},{"t":"briefly","bb":[813,849,72,98],"bl":[813,849,91,91]},{"t":"discuss","bb":[854,894,72,98],"bl":[854,894,91,91]},{"t":"a","bb":[900,905,84,91],"bl":[900,905,91,91]},{"t":"few","bb":[910,929,72,98],"bl":[910,929,91,91]},{"t":"things","bb":[934,970,81,94],"bl":[934,970,91,91]},{"t":"that","bb":[974,997,81,91],"bl":[974,997,91,91]}]},{"words":[{"t":"Fi,","bb":[87,173,87,119],"bl":[87,173,108,107]},{"t":"tobe","bb":[284,313,87,116],"bl":[284,313,107,107]},{"t":"nearby","bb":[320,357,87,116],"bl":[320,357,107,107]},{"t":"on","bb":[362,376,99,107],"bl":[362,376,107,107]},{"t":"disk.","bb":[380,406,96,107],"bl":[380,406,107,107]},{"t":"If","bb":[410,418,96,107],"bl":[410,418,107,107]},{"t":"a","bb":[421,427,99,107],"bl":[421,427,107,107]},{"t":"query","bb":[430,464,96,110],"bl":[430,464,107,107]},{"t":"needs","bb":[467,501,96,107],"bl":[467,501,107,107]},{"t":"to","bb":[504,515,98,107],"bl":[504,515,107,107]},{"t":"scan","bb":[519,545,99,107],"bl":[519,545,107,107]},{"t":"overalarge","bb":[548,614,96,110],"bl":[548,614,107,107]},{"t":"are","bb":[639,674,87,116],"bl":[639,674,107,107]},{"t":"worth","bb":[677,710,87,116],"bl":[677,710,107,107]},{"t":"considering","bb":[714,782,96,110],"bl":[714,782,107,107]},{"t":"when","bb":[785,817,96,107],"bl":[785,817,107,107]},{"t":"measuring","bb":[820,883,97,110],"bl":[820,883,107,107]},{"t":"the","bb":[886,904,96,107],"bl":[886,904,107,107]},{"t":"performance","bb":[908,982,96,110],"bl":[908,982,107,107]},{"t":"of","bb":[986,998,96,107],"bl":[986,998,107,107]}]},{"words":[{"t":":","bb":[140,141,112,115],"bl":[140,141,122,122]},{"t":"part","bb":[288,312,113,125],"bl":[288,312,122,122]},{"t":"of","bb":[316,328,112,122],"bl":[316,328,122,122]},{"t":"the","bb":[331,349,112,122],"bl":[331,349,122,122]},{"t":"key","bb":[354,373,112,125],"bl":[354,373,122,122]},{"t":"range","bb":[377,410,115,125],"bl":[377,410,122,122]},{"t":"in","bb":[414,425,115,122],"bl":[414,425,122,122]},{"t":"sorted","bb":[429,466,112,122],"bl":[429,466,122,122]},{"t":"order,","bb":[470,503,112,124],"bl":[470,503,122,122]},{"t":"that","bb":[507,530,112,122],"bl":[507,530,122,122]},{"t":"page-by-page","bb":[534,614,112,125],"bl":[534,614,122,122]},{"t":"a","bb":[655,659,115,122],"bl":[655,659,122,122]},{"t":"storage","bb":[664,706,114,125],"bl":[664,706,122,122]},{"t":"engine.","bb":[710,749,115,125],"bl":[710,749,122,122]}]},{"words":[{"t":"layout","bb":[288,323,127,141],"bl":[288,323,138,138]},{"t":"can","bb":[329,349,130,138],"bl":[329,349,138,138]},{"t":"be","bb":[355,369,127,138],"bl":[355,369,138,138]},{"t":"inefficient,","bb":[375,437,127,139],"bl":[375,437,138,138]},{"t":"because","bb":[443,490,127,138],"bl":[443,490,138,138]},{"t":"a","bb":[496,503,130,138],"bl":[496,503,138,138]},{"t":"disk","bb":[509,532,127,138],"bl":[509,532,138,138]},{"t":"seek","bb":[538,564,127,138],"bl":[538,564,138,138]},{"t":"may","bb":[571,595,130,141],"bl":[571,595,138,138]},{"t":"be","bb":[601,614,127,138],"bl":[601,614,138,138]}]},{"words":[{"t":"Like","bb":[58,82,135,161],"bl":[58,82,154,154]},{"t":"SSTables,","bb":[86,134,135,161],"bl":[86,134,154,153]},{"t":"B-trees","bb":[138,173,135,161],"bl":[138,173,153,153]},{"t":"keep","bb":[177,206,135,161],"bl":[177,206,153,153]},{"t":"required","bb":[288,338,143,156],"bl":[288,338,153,153]},{"t":"for","bb":[341,358,143,153],"bl":[341,358,153,153]},{"t":"every","bb":[362,393,146,156],"bl":[362,393,153,153]},{"t":"page","bb":[397,424,146,156],"bl":[397,424,153,153]},{"t":"that","bb":[428,451,143,153],"bl":[428,451,153,153]},{"t":"is","bb":[455,464,146,153],"bl":[455,464,153,153]},{"t":"read.","bb":[468,496,143,153],"bl":[468,496,153,153]},{"t":"Many","bb":[504,529,134,160],"bl":[504,529,153,152]},{"t":"B-tree","bb":[535,570,134,160],"bl":[535,570,152,152]},{"t":"imple-","bb":[576,618,134,160],"bl":[576,618,152,152]},{"t":"Advantages","bb":[655,729,141,155],"bl":[655,729,152,152]},{"t":"of","bb":[733,746,141,152],"bl":[733,746,152,152]},{"t":"LSM-trees","bb":[750,815,142,152],"bl":[750,815,152,152]}]},{"words":[{"t":"rT","bb":[62,210,155,182],"bl":[62,210,172,171]},{"t":"‘mentations","bb":[284,352,153,181],"bl":[284,352,171,171]},{"t":"therefore","bb":[358,410,153,181],"bl":[358,410,171,171]},{"t":"try","bb":[417,431,153,181],"bl":[417,431,171,171]},{"t":"to","bb":[438,448,153,181],"bl":[438,448,171,171]},{"t":"lay","bb":[454,469,153,181],"bl":[454,469,171,171]},{"t":"out","bb":[475,492,153,181],"bl":[475,492,171,171]},{"t":"the","bb":[498,515,153,181],"bl":[498,515,171,171]},{"t":"tree","bb":[519,543,153,181],"bl":[519,543,171,171]},{"t":"so","bb":[547,560,153,181],"bl":[547,560,171,171]},{"t":"that","bb":[566,588,153,181],"bl":[566,588,171,171]},{"t":"leaf","bb":[592,618,153,181],"bl":[592,618,171,171]},{"t":"AB-tree","bb":[655,703,165,174],"bl":[655,703,171,171]},{"t":"index","bb":[707,739,164,174],"bl":[707,739,171,171]},{"t":"must","bb":[744,770,153,181],"bl":[744,770,171,171]},{"t":"write","bb":[776,803,153,181],"bl":[776,803,171,170]},{"t":"every","bb":[809,838,153,181],"bl":[809,838,170,170]},{"t":"piece","bb":[843,871,153,181],"bl":[843,871,170,170]},{"t":"of","bb":[877,887,153,181],"bl":[877,887,170,170]},{"t":"data","bb":[891,915,153,181],"bl":[891,915,170,170]},{"t":"at","bb":[919,930,165,174],"bl":[919,930,170,170]},{"t":"least","bb":[933,961,164,174],"bl":[933,961,170,170]},{"t":"twice:","bb":[964,994,165,174],"bl":[964,994,170,170]}]},{"words":[{"t":"pages","bb":[284,319,169,195],"bl":[284,319,187,187]},{"t":"appear","bb":[325,365,169,195],"bl":[325,365,187,186]},{"t":"in","bb":[370,382,169,195],"bl":[370,382,186,186]},{"t":"sequential","bb":[387,449,169,195],"bl":[387,449,186,186]},{"t":"order","bb":[452,484,169,195],"bl":[452,484,186,186]},{"t":"on","bb":[489,503,169,195],"bl":[489,503,186,186]},{"t":"disk.","bb":[509,538,169,195],"bl":[509,538,186,185]},{"t":"However,","bb":[543,592,169,195],"bl":[543,592,185,184]},{"t":"it's","bb":[599,614,176,184],"bl":[599,614,184,184]},{"t":"once","bb":[651,681,167,197],"bl":[651,681,184,184]},{"t":"to","bb":[686,696,167,197],"bl":[686,696,184,183]},{"t":"the","bb":[701,719,167,197],"bl":[701,719,183,183]},{"t":"write-ahead","bb":[723,791,167,197],"bl":[723,791,183,183]},{"t":"log,","bb":[796,819,167,197],"bl":[796,819,183,183]},{"t":"and","bb":[821,841,167,197],"bl":[821,841,183,183]},{"t":"once","bb":[846,871,182,190],"bl":[846,871,183,183]},{"t":"to","bb":[876,884,181,190],"bl":[876,884,183,183]},{"t":"the","bb":[890,906,167,197],"bl":[890,906,183,183]},{"t":"tree","bb":[911,934,167,197],"bl":[911,934,183,183]},{"t":"page","bb":[938,964,167,197],"bl":[938,964,183,183]},{"t":"itself","bb":[969,998,167,197],"bl":[969,998,183,183]}]},{"words":[{"t":"difficult","bb":[288,333,189,200],"bl":[288,333,200,200]},{"t":"to","bb":[336,347,191,200],"bl":[336,347,200,200]},{"t":"maintain","bb":[351,403,190,200],"bl":[351,403,200,200]},{"t":"that","bb":[407,429,190,200],"bl":[407,429,200,200]},{"t":"order","bb":[433,465,190,200],"bl":[433,465,200,200]},{"t":"as","bb":[468,480,192,200],"bl":[468,480,200,200]},{"t":"the","bb":[484,499,180,213],"bl":[484,499,200,200]},{"t":"tree","bb":[506,529,180,213],"bl":[506,529,200,200]},{"t":"grows.","bb":[534,570,180,213],"bl":[534,570,200,200]},{"t":"BY","bb":[571,585,190,203],"bl":[571,585,200,200]},{"t":"Con-","bb":[588,613,192,200],"bl":[588,613,200,200]},{"t":"(uu","bb":[655,680,194,206],"bl":[655,680,200,200]},{"t":"bern","bb":[685,732,195,208],"bl":[685,732,200,200]},{"t":"again","bb":[737,768,198,208],"bl":[737,768,200,200]},{"t":"as","bb":[773,785,198,205],"bl":[773,785,200,199]},{"t":"pages","bb":[790,823,198,208],"bl":[790,823,199,199]},{"t":"are","bb":[828,846,198,205],"bl":[828,846,199,199]},{"t":"split)","bb":[851,879,194,208],"bl":[851,879,199,199]},{"t":"Thers","bb":[886,997,195,209],"bl":[886,997,199,199]},{"t":"is","bb":[924,933,180,213],"bl":[924,933,199,199]},{"t":"ssa","bb":[938,961,180,213],"bl":[938,961,199,199]},{"t":"over:","bb":[968,997,195,209],"bl":[968,997,199,199]}]},{"words":[{"t":"“This","bb":[58,83,194,224],"bl":[58,83,214,214]},{"t":"algorithm","bb":[85,131,194,224],"bl":[85,131,214,214]},{"t":"ensures","bb":[138,173,194,224],"bl":[138,173,214,214]},{"t":"that","bb":[180,203,194,224],"bl":[180,203,214,214]},{"t":"trast,","bb":[288,317,207,217],"bl":[288,317,215,215]},{"t":"since","bb":[320,350,208,215],"bl":[320,350,215,215]},{"t":"LSM-trees","bb":[354,412,206,215],"bl":[354,412,215,215]},{"t":"rewrite","bb":[416,457,207,215],"bl":[416,457,215,215]},{"t":"large","bb":[460,488,205,218],"bl":[460,488,215,215]},{"t":"segments","bb":[492,547,207,218],"bl":[492,547,215,215]},{"t":"of","bb":[551,562,205,215],"bl":[551,562,215,215]},{"t":"the","bb":[565,583,205,215],"bl":[565,583,215,215]},{"t":"stor-","bb":[586,614,207,215],"bl":[586,614,215,215]},{"t":"’","bb":[688,692,210,225],"bl":[688,692,215,215]},{"t":"OS","bb":[785,806,212,225],"bl":[785,806,216,216]},{"t":"20.","bb":[812,825,213,225],"bl":[812,825,216,216]},{"t":"S088","bb":[831,863,212,225],"bl":[831,863,216,216]},{"t":"D858","bb":[868,895,213,225],"bl":[868,895,216,216]},{"t":"ALA","bb":[900,920,212,225],"bl":[900,920,216,216]},{"t":"LEE","bb":[925,950,212,225],"bl":[925,950,216,216]},{"t":"TERR","bb":[959,998,210,225],"bl":[959,998,216,216]}]},{"words":[{"t":"the","bb":[58,78,210,240],"bl":[58,78,230,230]},{"t":"tree","bb":[80,98,210,240],"bl":[80,98,230,230]},{"t":"remains","bb":[104,144,220,230],"bl":[104,144,230,230]},{"t":"balanced:","bb":[147,204,221,230],"bl":[147,204,230,230]},{"t":"a","bb":[200,208,210,240],"bl":[200,208,230,230]},{"t":"age","bb":[288,308,224,234],"bl":[288,308,231,231]},{"t":"in","bb":[311,322,221,231],"bl":[311,322,231,231]},{"t":"one","bb":[326,347,224,231],"bl":[326,347,231,231]},{"t":"go","bb":[350,363,224,234],"bl":[350,363,231,231]},{"t":"during","bb":[367,405,221,234],"bl":[367,405,231,231]},{"t":"merging,","bb":[409,460,224,234],"bl":[409,460,231,231]},{"t":"its","bb":[464,479,221,231],"bl":[464,479,231,231]},{"t":"easier","bb":[482,517,221,231],"bl":[482,517,231,231]},{"t":"for","bb":[521,537,220,231],"bl":[521,537,231,231]},{"t":"them","bb":[540,570,221,231],"bl":[540,570,231,231]},{"t":"to","bb":[573,584,222,231],"bl":[573,584,231,231]},{"t":"keep","bb":[588,615,221,234],"bl":[588,615,231,231]},{"t":"oi","bb":[658,675,211,244],"bl":[658,675,231,231]},{"t":"<2","bb":[682,691,211,244],"bl":[682,691,231,231]},{"t":"SEL","bb":[696,719,211,244],"bl":[696,719,231,231]},{"t":"ERE","bb":[735,785,211,244],"bl":[735,785,231,231]},{"t":"RE","bb":[806,900,226,240],"bl":[806,900,230,230]},{"t":"ee","bb":[955,997,228,239],"bl":[955,997,230,230]}]},{"words":[{"t":"Bree","bb":[62,152,236,247],"bl":[62,152,245,245]},{"t":"with","bb":[98,118,225,255],"bl":[98,118,245,245]},{"t":"n","bb":[123,128,225,255],"bl":[123,128,245,245]},{"t":"keys","bb":[130,151,225,255],"bl":[130,151,245,245]},{"t":"always","bb":[156,189,236,247],"bl":[156,189,245,245]},{"t":"ha...","bb":[192,212,236,245],"bl":[192,212,245,245]},{"t":"sequential","bb":[288,408,236,249],"bl":[288,408,246,246]},{"t":"keys","bb":[351,374,226,256],"bl":[351,374,246,246]},{"t":"close","bb":[379,407,226,256],"bl":[379,407,246,246]},{"t":"to","bb":[411,422,238,246],"bl":[411,422,246,246]},{"t":"each","bb":[425,452,236,246],"bl":[425,452,246,246]},{"t":"other","bb":[455,486,236,246],"bl":[455,486,246,246]},{"t":"on","bb":[489,503,239,246],"bl":[489,503,246,246]},{"t":"disk.","bb":[506,530,236,247],"bl":[506,530,246,246]},{"t":"nes","bb":[655,700,242,255],"bl":[655,700,246,246]},{"t":"Sven","bb":[706,733,244,252],"bl":[706,733,246,246]},{"t":"orerTie","bb":[739,794,242,252],"bl":[739,794,246,246]},{"t":"the","bb":[800,819,242,252],"bl":[800,819,246,245]},{"t":"Same","bb":[825,855,244,252],"bl":[825,855,245,245]},{"t":"pags","bb":[862,889,244,255],"bl":[862,889,245,245]},{"t":"twice","bb":[895,925,243,252],"bl":[895,925,245,245]},{"t":"in","bb":[931,942,242,252],"bl":[931,942,245,245]},{"t":"order","bb":[948,980,242,252],"bl":[948,980,245,245]},{"t":"to","bb":[986,997,243,252],"bl":[986,997,245,245]}]},{"words":[{"t":"B","bb":[127,129,270,272],"bl":[127,129,272,272]},{"t":"+","bb":[274,279,263,268],"bl":[274,279,270,270]},{"t":"Additional","bb":[288,348,260,270],"bl":[288,348,270,270]},{"t":"pointers","bb":[355,403,260,273],"bl":[355,403,270,270]},{"t":"have","bb":[409,436,260,270],"bl":[409,436,270,270]},{"t":"been","bb":[443,471,260,270],"bl":[443,471,270,270]},{"t":"added","bb":[478,514,260,270],"bl":[478,514,270,270]},{"t":"to","bb":[520,531,262,270],"bl":[520,531,270,270]},{"t":"the","bb":[538,556,260,270],"bl":[538,556,270,270]},{"t":"tree.","bb":[563,589,262,270],"bl":[563,589,270,270]},{"t":"For","bb":[596,615,261,270],"bl":[596,615,270,270]},{"t":"avoid","bb":[655,685,257,267],"bl":[655,685,270,270]},{"t":"ending","bb":[690,730,257,270],"bl":[690,730,270,270]},{"t":"up","bb":[734,749,260,270],"bl":[734,749,270,270]},{"t":"with","bb":[753,778,257,267],"bl":[753,778,270,270]},{"t":"a","bb":[782,788,260,267],"bl":[782,788,270,270]},{"t":"partially","bb":[793,841,257,270],"bl":[793,841,270,270]},{"t":"updated","bb":[844,892,257,270],"bl":[844,892,270,270]},{"t":"page","bb":[896,923,260,270],"bl":[896,923,270,270]},{"t":"in","bb":[928,939,260,267],"bl":[928,939,270,270]},{"t":"the","bb":[943,961,257,267],"bl":[943,961,270,270]},{"t":"event","bb":[965,997,259,267],"bl":[965,997,270,269]}]},{"words":[{"t":"Be","bb":[58,84,267,301],"bl":[58,84,293,292]},{"t":"example,","bb":[288,339,275,288],"bl":[288,339,289,288]},{"t":"each","bb":[344,371,275,286],"bl":[344,371,288,288]},{"t":"leaf","bb":[376,397,275,286],"bl":[376,397,288,288]},{"t":"page","bb":[401,428,278,288],"bl":[401,428,288,287]},{"t":"may","bb":[433,457,278,288],"bl":[433,457,287,287]},{"t":"have","bb":[462,488,275,286],"bl":[462,488,287,287]},{"t":"references","bb":[493,587,275,287],"bl":[493,587,287,285]},{"t":"to","bb":[556,566,271,295],"bl":[556,566,286,286]},{"t":"its","bb":[572,586,271,295],"bl":[572,586,286,285]},{"t":"sib-","bb":[592,614,275,286],"bl":[592,614,285,285]},{"t":"of","bb":[651,667,267,291],"bl":[651,667,284,284]},{"t":"a","bb":[671,675,275,283],"bl":[671,675,284,284]},{"t":"power","bb":[681,711,267,291],"bl":[681,711,284,284]},{"t":"failure","bb":[717,753,267,291],"bl":[717,753,283,283]},{"t":"(24,","bb":[759,778,272,284],"bl":[759,778,283,283]},{"t":"25].","bb":[783,801,272,284],"bl":[783,801,283,282]}]},{"words":[{"t":"ling","bb":[288,309,281,311],"bl":[288,309,301,301]},{"t":"pages","bb":[314,347,281,311],"bl":[314,347,301,301]},{"t":"to","bb":[351,364,281,311],"bl":[351,364,301,301]},{"t":"the","bb":[369,387,281,311],"bl":[369,387,301,301]},{"t":"left","bb":[394,414,281,311],"bl":[394,414,301,301]},{"t":"Log-structured","bb":[655,741,297,306],"bl":[655,741,300,300]},{"t":"indexes","bb":[750,791,280,310],"bl":[750,791,300,300]},{"t":"als","bb":[800,810,296,306],"bl":[800,810,300,300]},{"t":"ite","bb":[857,859,296,298],"bl":[857,859,300,300]},{"t":"data","bb":[878,891,296,306],"bl":[878,891,300,300]},{"t":"multipl","bb":[921,951,296,306],"bl":[921,951,300,299]}]},{"words":[{"t":"eee","bb":[180,202,299,331],"bl":[180,202,323,323]},{"t":"keys","bb":[284,311,298,330],"bl":[284,311,323,323]},{"t":"in","bb":[316,327,309,317],"bl":[316,327,323,323]},{"t":"order","bb":[330,362,298,330],"bl":[330,362,323,323]},{"t":"without)","bb":[366,412,298,330],"bl":[366,412,323,323]},{"t":"{Ia","bb":[439,474,304,316],"bl":[439,474,323,323]},{"t":"CC","bb":[492,528,305,314],"bl":[492,528,322,322]},{"t":"REC","bb":[532,551,298,330],"bl":[532,551,322,322]},{"t":"IS","bb":[574,586,302,316],"bl":[574,586,322,322]},{"t":"du","bb":[655,676,311,322],"bl":[655,676,322,322]},{"t":"to","bb":[680,691,313,322],"bl":[680,691,322,322]},{"t":"repeated","bb":[696,746,311,325],"bl":[696,746,322,322]},{"t":"compaction","bb":[750,818,313,325],"bl":[750,818,322,322]},{"t":"and","bb":[822,844,311,322],"bl":[822,844,322,322]},{"t":"merging","bb":[848,897,312,325],"bl":[848,897,322,322]},{"t":"of","bb":[901,912,311,322],"bl":[901,912,322,322]},{"t":"SSTables,","bb":[916,966,311,322],"bl":[916,966,322,322]},{"t":"This","bb":[973,997,311,322],"bl":[973,997,322,322]}]},{"words":[{"t":"rr","bb":[62,115,335,345],"bl":[62,115,340,340]},{"t":"+","bb":[274,279,333,338],"bl":[274,279,339,339]},{"t":"B-tree","bb":[288,324,331,340],"bl":[288,324,339,340]},{"t":"variants","bb":[330,377,332,340],"bl":[330,377,340,340]},{"t":"such","bb":[383,410,330,340],"bl":[383,410,340,340]},{"t":"|","bb":[467,470,330,340],"bl":[467,470,340,340]},{"t":"yes","bb":[497,503,333,340],"bl":[497,503,341,341]},{"t":"122]","bb":[509,529,329,342],"bl":[509,529,341,341]},{"t":"effect—one","bb":[655,719,327,337],"bl":[655,719,337,337]},{"t":"write","bb":[727,757,329,337],"bl":[727,757,337,337]},{"t":"to","bb":[765,776,329,337],"bl":[765,776,337,337]},{"t":"the","bb":[784,802,327,337],"bl":[784,802,337,337]},{"t":"database","bb":[810,862,327,337],"bl":[810,862,337,337]},{"t":"resulting","bb":[870,921,327,340],"bl":[870,921,337,337]},{"t":"in","bb":[929,941,327,337],"bl":[929,941,337,337]},{"t":"multiple","bb":[948,997,327,340],"bl":[948,997,337,337]}]},{"words":[{"t":"log-structured","bb":[288,372,346,359],"bl":[288,372,356,356]},{"t":"ideas","bb":[376,406,346,356],"bl":[376,406,356,356]},{"t":"A.","bb":[410,526,330,356],"bl":[410,526,356,356]},{"t":"XD","bb":[530,637,326,364],"bl":[530,637,356,356]},{"t":"ves.","bb":[655,695,339,372],"bl":[655,695,356,355]},{"t":"to","bb":[694,705,344,353],"bl":[694,705,355,355]},{"t":"the","bb":[709,727,342,353],"bl":[709,727,355,355]},{"t":"disk","bb":[731,755,342,353],"bl":[731,755,355,355]},{"t":"over","bb":[759,784,345,353],"bl":[759,784,355,355]},{"t":"hn","bb":[784,808,338,375],"bl":[784,808,355,355]},{"t":"course","bb":[810,848,338,362],"bl":[810,848,355,355]},{"t":"ot","bb":[850,871,342,368],"bl":[850,871,355,355]},{"t":"the","bb":[863,887,338,372],"bl":[863,887,355,355]},{"t":"databases","bb":[889,948,338,372],"bl":[889,948,355,354]},{"t":"lifetime","bb":[952,997,342,353],"bl":[952,997,354,354]}]},{"words":[{"t":"nothing","bb":[288,318,361,371],"bl":[288,318,370,370]},{"t":"to","bb":[336,347,363,371],"bl":[336,347,369,369]},{"t":"do","bb":[350,364,361,371],"bl":[350,364,369,369]},{"t":"with","bb":[367,392,361,371],"bl":[367,392,369,369]},{"t":"fractals).","bb":[395,441,360,372],"bl":[395,441,369,369]},{"t":"—is","bb":[656,675,361,368],"bl":[656,675,368,368]},{"t":"known","bb":[693,733,361,368],"bl":[693,733,368,368]},{"t":"as","bb":[722,732,348,378],"bl":[722,732,368,368]},{"t":"write","bb":[737,765,360,368],"bl":[737,765,368,368]},{"t":"amplification.","bb":[769,846,360,371],"bl":[769,846,368,368]},{"t":"It","bb":[854,858,360,368],"bl":[854,858,368,368]},{"t":"is","bb":[862,870,348,378],"bl":[862,870,368,368]},{"t":"of","bb":[875,882,361,368],"bl":[875,882,368,368]},{"t":"particular","bb":[890,917,360,371],"bl":[890,917,368,368]},{"t":"concern","bb":[935,997,361,368],"bl":[935,997,368,368]}]},{"words":[{"t":"fs","bb":[62,82,369,395],"bl":[62,82,379,379]},{"t":"cieoriems","bb":[86,156,369,395],"bl":[86,156,379,379]},{"t":"ed","bb":[157,212,369,395],"bl":[157,212,379,380]},{"t":"ne","bb":[315,333,360,392],"bl":[315,333,382,382]},{"t":"on","bb":[655,669,376,384],"bl":[655,669,383,383]},{"t":"SSDs,","bb":[673,704,374,385],"bl":[673,704,383,383]},{"t":"which","bb":[708,743,373,384],"bl":[708,743,383,384]},{"t":"can","bb":[746,767,376,384],"bl":[746,767,384,384]},{"t":"only","bb":[770,795,374,387],"bl":[770,795,384,384]},{"t":"overwrite","bb":[798,853,374,384],"bl":[798,853,384,384]},{"t":"blocks","bb":[857,893,373,384],"bl":[857,893,384,384]},{"t":"a","bb":[897,902,376,384],"bl":[897,902,384,384]},{"t":"limited","bb":[906,947,373,384],"bl":[906,947,384,384]},{"t":"number","bb":[951,997,373,384],"bl":[951,997,384,385]}]},{"words":[{"t":"Whereas","bb":[58,103,390,420],"bl":[58,103,410,410]},{"t":"B-irees","bb":[108,143,390,420],"bl":[108,143,410,410]},{"t":"are","bb":[148,161,390,420],"bl":[148,161,410,410]},{"t":"though...","bb":[168,213,390,420],"bl":[168,213,410,410]},{"t":"Comparing","bb":[272,350,398,413],"bl":[272,350,410,410]},{"t":"B-Trees","bb":[354,408,399,410],"bl":[354,408,410,410]},{"t":"and","bb":[412,438,398,410],"bl":[412,438,410,410]},{"t":"LSM-Trees","bb":[443,516,399,410],"bl":[443,516,410,410]},{"t":"oftimes","bb":[655,701,392,399],"bl":[655,701,409,409]},{"t":"before","bb":[722,741,392,399],"bl":[722,741,409,409]},{"t":"wearing","bb":[744,791,392,402],"bl":[744,791,409,409]},{"t":"ou","bb":[794,808,392,399],"bl":[794,808,409,409]}]},{"words":[{"t":"In","bb":[655,667,413,422],"bl":[655,667,422,422]},{"t":"write-heavy","bb":[673,743,412,425],"bl":[673,743,422,422]},{"t":"applications,","bb":[750,822,412,426],"bl":[750,822,422,422]},{"t":"the","bb":[829,847,412,422],"bl":[829,847,422,422]},{"t":"performance","bb":[854,929,412,426],"bl":[854,929,422,422]},{"t":"bottleneck","bb":[936,997,412,423],"bl":[936,997,422,422]}]},{"words":[{"t":"TR","bb":[62,155,435,444],"bl":[62,155,440,439]},{"t":"Even","bb":[273,300,423,433],"bl":[273,300,439,439]},{"t":"though","bb":[306,347,422,436],"bl":[306,347,439,439]},{"t":"B-tree","bb":[353,389,423,433],"bl":[353,389,439,439]},{"t":"implementations","bb":[395,495,422,436],"bl":[395,495,439,438]},{"t":"are","bb":[501,519,425,433],"bl":[501,519,438,438]},{"t":"generally","bb":[525,578,422,436],"bl":[525,578,438,438]},{"t":"more","bb":[584,614,425,433],"bl":[584,614,438,438]},{"t":"ight","bb":[655,689,428,441],"bl":[655,689,438,438]},{"t":"pe","bb":[692,706,428,438],"bl":[692,706,438,438]},{"t":"the","bb":[709,728,428,438],"bl":[709,728,438,438]},{"t":"rate","bb":[731,753,429,438],"bl":[731,753,438,438]},{"t":"at","bb":[757,767,430,438],"bl":[757,767,438,438]},{"t":"which","bb":[770,805,428,438],"bl":[770,805,438,438]},{"t":"the","bb":[809,827,428,438],"bl":[809,827,438,438]},{"t":"database","bb":[830,882,428,438],"bl":[830,882,438,438]},{"t":"can","bb":[885,905,431,438],"bl":[885,905,438,438]},{"t":"write","bb":[908,938,430,438],"bl":[908,938,438,438]},{"t":"to","bb":[941,952,429,438],"bl":[941,952,438,438]},{"t":"disk","bb":[956,981,428,438],"bl":[956,981,438,438]},{"t":"In","bb":[985,997,429,438],"bl":[985,997,438,438]}]},{"words":[{"t":"mature","bb":[273,315,439,448],"bl":[273,315,455,455]},{"t":"than","bb":[323,349,438,448],"bl":[323,349,455,455]},{"t":"LSM-tree","bb":[358,410,439,448],"bl":[358,410,455,455]},{"t":"implementations,","bb":[419,521,438,451],"bl":[419,521,455,454]},{"t":"LSM-trees","bb":[529,588,439,448],"bl":[529,588,454,454]},{"t":"are","bb":[596,614,441,448],"bl":[596,614,454,454]},{"t":"this","bb":[651,675,433,461],"bl":[651,675,454,454]},{"t":"case,","bb":[679,707,433,461],"bl":[679,707,454,454]},{"t":"write","bb":[710,740,444,454],"bl":[710,740,454,454]},{"t":"amplification","bb":[743,820,443,457],"bl":[743,820,454,454]},{"t":"has","bb":[824,843,443,454],"bl":[824,843,454,454]},{"t":"a","bb":[847,852,446,454],"bl":[847,852,454,454]},{"t":"direct","bb":[856,889,433,461],"bl":[856,889,454,454]},{"t":"performance","bb":[893,966,433,461],"bl":[893,966,454,454]},{"t":"cost:","bb":[971,997,445,454],"bl":[971,997,454,454]}]},{"words":[{"t":"Be","bb":[62,174,450,475],"bl":[62,174,465,464]},{"t":"also","bb":[272,295,453,464],"bl":[272,295,464,464]},{"t":"interesting","bb":[301,364,454,467],"bl":[301,364,464,464]},{"t":"due","bb":[370,391,453,464],"bl":[370,391,464,464]},{"t":"to","bb":[397,408,455,464],"bl":[397,408,464,464]},{"t":"their","bb":[413,441,453,464],"bl":[413,441,464,464]},{"t":"performance","bb":[447,522,453,467],"bl":[447,522,464,464]},{"t":"characteristics.","bb":[527,614,453,464],"bl":[527,614,464,464]},{"t":"the","bb":[655,673,459,469],"bl":[655,673,464,464]},{"t":"more","bb":[680,710,462,469],"bl":[680,710,464,464]},{"t":"that","bb":[716,738,459,469],"bl":[716,738,464,464]},{"t":"a","bb":[745,751,462,469],"bl":[745,751,464,464]},{"t":"storage","bb":[757,799,461,472],"bl":[757,799,464,463]},{"t":"engine","bb":[805,844,459,472],"bl":[805,844,463,463]},{"t":"writes","bb":[850,885,460,469],"bl":[850,885,463,463]},{"t":"to","bb":[891,902,460,469],"bl":[891,902,463,463]},{"t":"disk,","bb":[908,934,459,470],"bl":[908,934,463,463]},{"t":"the","bb":[940,959,459,469],"bl":[940,959,463,463]},{"t":"fewer","bb":[965,997,459,469],"bl":[965,997,463,463]}]},{"words":[{"t":"REO","bb":[83,201,467,490],"bl":[83,201,487,486]},{"t":"Asa","bb":[268,293,463,493],"bl":[268,293,486,486]},{"t":"rule","bb":[298,321,463,493],"bl":[298,321,486,486]},{"t":"of","bb":[325,338,463,493],"bl":[325,338,486,486]},{"t":"thumb,","bb":[340,383,463,493],"bl":[340,383,486,486]},{"t":"LSM-","bb":[388,413,463,493],"bl":[388,413,486,486]},{"t":"trees","bb":[415,441,463,493],"bl":[415,441,486,486]},{"t":"are","bb":[445,463,463,493],"bl":[445,463,486,486]},{"t":"typically","bb":[468,516,463,493],"bl":[468,516,486,485]},{"t":"faster","bb":[520,553,463,493],"bl":[520,553,485,485]},{"t":"for","bb":[558,573,463,493],"bl":[558,573,485,485]},{"t":"writes,","bb":[578,618,463,493],"bl":[578,618,485,485]},{"t":"rites","bb":[655,690,475,485],"bl":[655,690,485,485]},{"t":"per","bb":[696,716,477,488],"bl":[696,716,485,485]},{"t":"second","bb":[721,761,474,485],"bl":[721,761,485,485]},{"t":"it","bb":[767,774,475,485],"bl":[767,774,485,485]},{"t":"can","bb":[780,801,477,485],"bl":[780,801,485,485]},{"t":"handle","bb":[806,846,474,485],"bl":[806,846,485,485]},{"t":"within","bb":[851,888,474,485],"bl":[851,888,485,485]},{"t":"the","bb":[893,912,474,485],"bl":[893,912,485,485]},{"t":"available","bb":[917,968,474,485],"bl":[917,968,485,485]},{"t":"disk","bb":[973,997,474,485],"bl":[973,997,485,485]}]},{"words":[{"t":"or","bb":[66,78,475,505],"bl":[66,78,496,496]},{"t":"typsty","bb":[88,121,475,505],"bl":[88,121,496,495]},{"t":"feta","bb":[126,150,483,492],"bl":[126,150,495,495]},{"t":"fo","bb":[153,164,475,505],"bl":[153,164,495,495]},{"t":"kas,","bb":[185,197,484,491],"bl":[185,197,495,495]},{"t":"whereas","bb":[268,321,475,505],"bl":[268,321,495,495]},{"t":"B-trees","bb":[328,368,475,505],"bl":[328,368,495,495]},{"t":"are","bb":[375,393,475,505],"bl":[375,393,495,495]},{"t":"thought","bb":[400,446,475,505],"bl":[400,446,495,495]},{"t":"to","bb":[450,463,475,505],"bl":[450,463,495,495]},{"t":"be","bb":[468,481,475,505],"bl":[468,481,495,495]},{"t":"faster","bb":[488,521,475,505],"bl":[488,521,495,495]},{"t":"for","bb":[528,546,475,505],"bl":[528,546,495,495]},{"t":"reads","bb":[550,583,475,505],"bl":[550,583,495,495]},{"t":"[23]","bb":[590,631,475,505],"bl":[590,631,495,495]},{"t":"pandwidth.","bb":[655,719,490,500],"bl":[655,719,495,495]}]},{"words":[{"t":"whores","bb":[66,105,489,522],"bl":[66,105,512,511]},{"t":"-res","bb":[110,141,489,522],"bl":[110,141,511,511]},{"t":"se","bb":[145,157,489,522],"bl":[145,157,511,511]},{"t":"ig.","bb":[165,209,498,507],"bl":[165,209,511,511]},{"t":"Reads","bb":[268,306,489,521],"bl":[268,306,511,511]},{"t":"are","bb":[310,327,489,521],"bl":[310,327,511,511]},{"t":"typically","bb":[332,380,489,521],"bl":[332,380,511,511]},{"t":"slower","bb":[385,423,489,521],"bl":[385,423,511,511]},{"t":"on","bb":[428,442,489,521],"bl":[428,442,511,511]},{"t":"LSM-","bb":[446,474,489,521],"bl":[446,474,511,511]},{"t":"trees","bb":[476,503,489,521],"bl":[476,503,511,511]},{"t":"because","bb":[508,554,489,521],"bl":[508,554,511,511]},{"t":"they","bb":[558,583,489,521],"bl":[558,583,511,511]},{"t":"have","bb":[588,618,489,521],"bl":[588,618,511,511]}]},{"words":[{"t":"10","bb":[272,284,516,526],"bl":[272,284,526,526]},{"t":"check","bb":[287,320,509,535],"bl":[287,320,526,526]},{"t":"several","bb":[326,368,509,535],"bl":[326,368,526,526]},{"t":"different","bb":[372,423,515,526],"bl":[372,423,526,526]},{"t":"data","bb":[426,450,509,535],"bl":[426,450,526,526]},{"t":"structures","bb":[456,515,509,535],"bl":[456,515,526,526]},{"t":"and","bb":[521,541,509,535],"bl":[521,541,526,526]},{"t":"SSTables","bb":[547,598,509,535],"bl":[547,598,526,526]},{"t":"at","bb":[603,614,516,526],"bl":[603,614,526,526]},{"t":"Moreover,","bb":[656,712,514,525],"bl":[656,712,526,526]},{"t":"LSM-trees","bb":[719,777,514,524],"bl":[719,777,526,526]},{"t":"are","bb":[784,802,516,524],"bl":[784,802,526,526]},{"t":"typically","bb":[809,857,513,526],"bl":[809,857,526,526]},{"t":"able","bb":[863,887,513,524],"bl":[863,887,526,526]},{"t":"to","bb":[894,904,515,524],"bl":[894,904,526,526]},{"t":"sustain","bb":[911,953,515,524],"bl":[911,953,526,526]},{"t":"higher","bb":[959,997,513,526],"bl":[959,997,526,526]}]},{"words":[{"t":"There","bb":[58,91,522,552],"bl":[58,91,542,542]},{"t":"s","bb":[95,101,522,552],"bl":[95,101,542,542]},{"t":"also","bb":[105,123,522,552],"bl":[105,123,542,542]},{"t":"overhead","bb":[128,173,522,552],"bl":[128,173,542,542]},{"t":"from","bb":[178,206,522,552],"bl":[178,206,542,542]},{"t":"different","bb":[268,321,523,553],"bl":[268,321,542,543]},{"t":"stages","bb":[325,361,523,553],"bl":[325,361,543,543]},{"t":"of","bb":[365,376,523,553],"bl":[365,376,543,542]},{"t":"compaction.","bb":[383,453,523,553],"bl":[383,453,542,542]},{"t":"write","bb":[655,684,529,539],"bl":[655,684,542,542]},{"t":"throughput","bb":[689,755,529,542],"bl":[689,755,542,542]},{"t":"than","bb":[760,786,529,539],"bl":[760,786,542,542]},{"t":"B-trees,","bb":[791,836,530,540],"bl":[791,836,542,542]},{"t":"partly","bb":[841,874,529,542],"bl":[841,874,542,542]},{"t":"because","bb":[879,926,529,539],"bl":[879,926,542,542]},{"t":"they","bb":[930,955,529,542],"bl":[930,955,542,542]},{"t":"some-","bb":[960,996,532,539],"bl":[960,996,542,542]}]},{"words":[{"t":"having","bb":[58,93,535,565],"bl":[58,93,555,555]},{"t":"writ","bb":[113,133,535,565],"bl":[113,133,555,555]},{"t":"an","bb":[140,148,535,565],"bl":[140,148,555,555]},{"t":"entire","bb":[153,181,535,565],"bl":[153,181,555,555]},{"t":"page","bb":[185,213,535,565],"bl":[185,213,555,555]},{"t":"times","bb":[655,687,546,555],"bl":[655,687,555,555]},{"t":"have","bb":[699,725,544,555],"bl":[699,725,555,555]},{"t":"lower","bb":[737,769,544,555],"bl":[737,769,555,555]},{"t":"write","bb":[780,809,546,555],"bl":[780,809,555,555]},{"t":"amplification","bb":[821,898,544,557],"bl":[821,898,555,555]},{"t":"(although","bb":[909,964,543,557],"bl":[909,964,555,557]},{"t":"this","bb":[976,997,544,555],"bl":[976,997,556,555]}]},{"words":[{"t":"are","bb":[58,130,546,578],"bl":[58,130,566,566]},{"t":"oa","bb":[148,176,546,578],"bl":[148,176,565,565]},{"t":"Gar","bb":[180,210,546,578],"bl":[180,210,565,565]},{"t":"However,","bb":[273,325,555,566],"bl":[273,325,565,565]},{"t":"benchmarks","bb":[329,401,554,565],"bl":[329,401,565,565]},{"t":"are","bb":[405,424,557,565],"bl":[405,424,565,565]},{"t":"often","bb":[428,458,554,565],"bl":[428,458,565,565]},{"t":"inconclusive","bb":[462,534,554,565],"bl":[462,534,565,565]},{"t":"and","bb":[538,559,554,565],"bl":[538,559,565,565]},{"t":"sensitive","bb":[564,614,556,565],"bl":[564,614,565,565]},{"t":"gepends","bb":[655,704,560,573],"bl":[655,704,565,565]},{"t":"on","bb":[707,722,563,570],"bl":[707,722,565,565]},{"t":"the","bb":[725,743,560,570],"bl":[725,743,565,565]},{"t":"storage","bb":[746,788,561,573],"bl":[746,788,565,564]},{"t":"engine","bb":[791,830,560,573],"bl":[791,830,564,564]},{"t":"configuration","bb":[833,912,560,573],"bl":[833,912,564,564]},{"t":"and","bb":[917,936,545,577],"bl":[917,936,564,564]},{"t":"workload),","bb":[939,999,559,571],"bl":[939,999,564,564]}]},{"words":[{"t":"to","bb":[272,284,572,580],"bl":[272,284,587,587]},{"t":"details","bb":[289,327,570,580],"bl":[289,327,587,587]},{"t":"of","bb":[332,344,570,580],"bl":[332,344,587,587]},{"t":"the","bb":[349,367,570,580],"bl":[349,367,587,587]},{"t":"woridoad.","bb":[372,426,570,580],"bl":[372,426,587,587]},{"t":"You","bb":[434,456,571,580],"bl":[434,456,587,586]},{"t":"need","bb":[461,489,570,580],"bl":[461,489,586,586]},{"t":"to","bb":[494,505,572,580],"bl":[494,505,586,586]},{"t":"test","bb":[511,532,571,580],"bl":[511,532,586,586]},{"t":"systems","bb":[537,584,571,583],"bl":[537,584,586,586]},{"t":"with","bb":[589,614,570,580],"bl":[589,614,586,586]},{"t":"and","bb":[655,676,575,586],"bl":[655,676,586,586]},{"t":"partly","bb":[680,713,575,588],"bl":[680,713,586,586]},{"t":"because","bb":[716,864,575,588],"bl":[716,864,586,586]},{"t":"they","bb":[766,790,565,596],"bl":[766,790,586,586]},{"t":"sequentially","bb":[795,863,575,588],"bl":[795,863,586,586]},{"t":"write","bb":[867,896,577,586],"bl":[867,896,586,586]},{"t":"compact","bb":[899,949,577,588],"bl":[899,949,586,586]},{"t":"SSTable","bb":[952,997,575,586],"bl":[952,997,586,586]}]},{"words":[{"t":"=","bb":[68,81,609,616],"bl":[68,81,616,616]},{"t":"5","bb":[131,144,608,619],"bl":[131,144,616,616]},{"t":"o","bb":[195,205,606,618],"bl":[195,205,616,616]},{"t":"Loc.","bb":[930,942,610,615],"bl":[930,942,615,615]},{"t":"244","bb":[951,966,609,615],"bl":[951,966,615,615]},{"t":"1086","bb":[976,996,609,615],"bl":[976,996,615,615]}]}]
ocr_status: 2
ocr_error: 
ocr_driver_id: 1
type_: 4