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body_diff: "[{\"diffs\":[[1,\"<html>\\\r\\\n<head>\\\r\\\n  <title>利用python开发app实战</title>\\\r\\\n  <basefont face=\\\"微软雅黑\\\" size=\\\"2\\\" />\\\r\\\n  <meta http-equiv=\\\"Content-Type\\\" content=\\\"text/html;charset=utf-8\\\" />\\\r\\\n  <meta name=\\\"exporter-version\\\" content=\\\"YXBJ Windows/608924 (zh-CN, DDL); Windows/10.0.0 (Win64); EDAMVersion=V2;\\\"/>\\\r\\\n  <style>\\\r\\\n\\tbody, td {\\\r\\\n\\t  font-family: 微软雅黑;\\\r\\\n\\t  font-size: 12pt;\\\r\\\n\\t}\\\r\\\n  </style>\\\r\\\n</head>\\\r\\\n<body>\\\r\\\n<a name=\\\"18179\\\"></a>\\\r\\\n<h1>利用python开发app实战</h1>\\\r\\\n\\\r\\\n<div><span>\\\n  <div style=\\\"--en-clipped-content:article\\\">\\\n<div><br/></div><div style=\\\"font-size: 16px; display:block; min-width: 100%; position: relative;\\\"> <div><div style=\\\"font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif;color:rgb(26, 26, 26);-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(26, 26, 26, 0);background:rgb(255, 255, 255);\\\"><div><div><span><div style=\\\"background:rgb(255, 255, 255);min-width:1000px;overflow:hidden;\\\"><div style=\\\"box-sizing:border-box;overflow:hidden;\\\"><div style=\\\"overflow:hidden;width:690px;margin:0px auto;\\\"><h1 style=\\\"font:inherit;font-weight:600;font-size:24px;line-height:1.22;overflow-wrap:break-word;margin:24px 0px;\\\">利用python开发app实战</h1><div style=\\\"display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;align-items:center;\\\"><div style=\\\"display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-flex:1;flex:1 1 0%;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;\\\"><span><div style=\\\"position:relative;display:inline-block;\\\"><div><a href=\\\"https://www.zhihu.com/people/nmask\\\" style=\\\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none;\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"><img src=\\\":/24748437775546fd8e179aa4fd19211c\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" data-filename=\\\"v2-2b6e341aaa55de4930cb4ee6a554bd52_l.jpg\\\" height=\\\"38\\\" style=\\\"background:rgb(255, 255, 255);border-radius:50%;vertical-align:top;\\\" width=\\\"38\\\"/></a></div></div></span><div style=\\\"-webkit-box-flex:1;flex:1 1 0%;margin-left:14px;overflow:hidden;\\\"><div style=\\\"display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;align-items:center;font-size:15px;line-height:1.1;flex-shrink:0;\\\"><span style=\\\"font-weight:600;color:rgb(68, 68, 68);\\\"><div style=\\\"position:relative;display:inline-block;\\\"><div><a href=\\\"https://www.zhihu.com/people/nmask\\\" style=\\\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none;\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\">nmask</a></div></div></span></div><div style=\\\"overflow:hidden;color:rgb(100, 100, 100);\\\"><div style=\\\"display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;align-items:center;margin-top:2px;font-size:14px;\\\"><div style=\\\"word-break:break-word;line-height:1.6;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;color:rgb(100, 100, 100);\\\">信息安全工程师</div></div></div></div></div></div><div><span style=\\\"display:block;margin-top:14px;font-size:14px;color:rgb(133, 144, 166);\\\"></span></div></div><div style=\\\"position:relative;width:690px;margin:0px auto;overflow:visible;\\\"><div style=\\\"word-break:break-word;line-height:1.6;margin-top:20px;\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;margin-top:0px;\\\">我很早之前就想开发一款app玩玩，无奈对java不够熟悉，之前也没有开发app的经验，因此一直耽搁了。最近想到尝试用python开发一款app，google搜索了一番后，发现确实有路可寻，目前也有了一些相对成熟的模块，于是便开始了动手实战，过程中发现这其中有很多坑，好在最终依靠google解决了，因此小记一番。<br/></p><h2 style=\\\"margin:0px;font:inherit;clear:left;margin-top:2.33333em;margin-bottom:1.16667em;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;\\\">说在前面的话</h2><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">　　python语言虽然很万能，但用它来开发app还是显得有点不对路，因此用python开发的app应当是作为编码练习、或者自娱自乐所用，加上目前这方面的模块还不是特别成熟，bug比较多，总而言之，劝君莫轻入。</p><h2 style=\\\"margin:0px;font:inherit;clear:left;margin-top:2.33333em;margin-bottom:1.16667em;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;\\\">准备工作</h2><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">　　利用python开发app需要用到python的一个模块–kivy，kivy是一个开源的，跨平台的Python开发框架，用于开发使用创新的应用程序。简而言之，这是一个python桌面程序开发框架（类似wxpython等模块），强大的是kivy支持linux、mac、windows、android、ios平台，这也是为什么开发app需要用到这个模块。<br/>　　虽然kivy是跨平台的，但是想要在不同的平台使用python代码，还需要将python代码打包成对应平台的可执行程序，好在kivy项目下有个打包工具项目–buildozer，这是官方推荐的打包工具，因为相对比较简单，自动化程度高，其他项目比如：python-for-android也能起到类似的作用，这里不展开介绍。</p><h2 style=\\\"margin:0px;font:inherit;clear:left;margin-top:2.33333em;margin-bottom:1.16667em;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;\\\">搭建kivy开发环境</h2><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">需要在pc上安装kivy开发环境，这里演示下mac与linux下的安装过程。</p><h2 style=\\\"margin:0px;font:inherit;clear:left;margin-top:2.33333em;margin-bottom:1.16667em;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;\\\">install kivy for mac</h2><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">安装一些依赖包：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1em 0px;\\\"><pre style=\\\"padding:0.88889em;font-size:0.9em;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;background:rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius:4px;margin:0px;\\\"><code style=\\\"font-family:Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;lucida console&quot;, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace;margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px;font-size:inherit;background-color:inherit;\\\">brew install pkg-config sdl2 sdl2_image sdl2_ttf sdl2_mixer gstreamer</code></pre></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">安装cython以及kivy：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1em 0px;\\\"><pre style=\\\"padding:0.88889em;font-size:0.9em;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;background:rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius:4px;margin:0px;\\\"><code style=\\\"font-family:Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;lucida console&quot;, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace;margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px;font-size:inherit;background-color:inherit;\\\">pip install cython==0.25\\\npip install kivy</code></pre></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">如果安装kivy报错，则使用下面的方式安装kivy：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1em 0px;\\\"><pre style=\\\"padding:0.88889em;font-size:0.9em;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;background:rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius:4px;margin:0px;\\\"><code style=\\\"font-family:Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;lucida console&quot;, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace;margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px;font-size:inherit;background-color:inherit;\\\">git clone https://github.com/kivy/kivy\\\npython setup.py install</code></pre></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">安装后测试：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1em 0px;\\\"><pre style=\\\"padding:0.88889em;font-size:0.9em;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;background:rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius:4px;margin:0px;\\\"><code style=\\\"font-family:Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;lucida console&quot;, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace;margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px;font-size:inherit;background-color:inherit;\\\">$python\\\nPython 2.7.10 (default, Jul 15 2017, 17:16:57)\\\n[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 9.0.0 (clang-900.0.31)] on darwin\\\nType &quot;help&quot;, &quot;copyright&quot;, &quot;credits&quot; or &quot;license&quot; for more information.\\\n&gt;&gt;&gt;\\\n&gt;&gt;&gt; import kivy\\\n[INFO   ] [Logger      ] Record log in /Users/didi/.kivy/logs/kivy_18-05-08_4.txt\\\n[INFO   ] [Kivy        ] v1.10.1.dev0, git-5f6c66e, 20180507\\\n[INFO   ] [Python      ] v2.7.10 (default, Jul 15 2017, 17:16:57)\\\n[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 9.0.0 (clang-900.0.31)]</code></pre></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">说明：导入kivy模块没有报错则说明安装成功。</p><h2 style=\\\"margin:0px;font:inherit;clear:left;margin-top:2.33333em;margin-bottom:1.16667em;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;\\\">install kivy for centos7</h2><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">先安装依赖：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1em 0px;\\\"><pre style=\\\"padding:0.88889em;font-size:0.9em;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;background:rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius:4px;margin:0px;\\\"><code style=\\\"font-family:Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;lucida console&quot;, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace;margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px;font-size:inherit;background-color:inherit;\\\">yum install \\\\\\\nmake \\\\\\\nmercurial \\\\\\\nautomake \\\\\\\ngcc \\\\\\\ngcc-c++ \\\\\\\nSDL_ttf-devel \\\\\\\nSDL_mixer-devel \\\\\\\nkhrplatform-devel \\\\\\\nmesa-libGLES \\\\\\\nmesa-libGLES-devel \\\\\\\ngstreamer-plugins-good \\\\\\\ngstreamer \\\\\\\ngstreamer-python \\\\\\\nmtdev-devel \\\\\\\npython-devel \\\\\\\npython-pip \\\\\\\njava-devel</code></pre></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">安装cython以及kivy:<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1em 0px;\\\"><pre style=\\\"padding:0.88889em;font-size:0.9em;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;background:rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius:4px;margin:0px;\\\"><code style=\\\"font-family:Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;lucida console&quot;, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace;margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px;font-size:inherit;background-color:inherit;\\\">pip install Cython==0.20\\\npip install kivy</code></pre></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">centos安装kivy参考：<a href=\\\"https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//kivy.org/docs/installation/installation-linux.html%23using-software-packages\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noreferrer\\\" style=\\\"color:inherit;cursor:pointer;border-bottom:1px solid grey;text-decoration:none;\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"><span style=\\\"font:0px/0 a;color:transparent;text-shadow:none;background-color:transparent;\\\">https://</span><span>kivy.org/docs/installat</span><span style=\\\"font:0px/0 a;color:transparent;text-shadow:none;background-color:transparent;\\\">ion/installation-linux.html#using-software-packages</span><span><span style=\\\"\\\">...</span></span></a></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">说明：其他安装kivy方式可移步：<a href=\\\"https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//kivy.org/%23download\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noreferrer\\\" style=\\\"color:inherit;cursor:pointer;border-bottom:1px solid grey;text-decoration:none;\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"><span style=\\\"font:0px/0 a;color:transparent;text-shadow:none;background-color:transparent;\\\">https://</span><span>kivy.org/#</span><span style=\\\"font:0px/0 a;color:transparent;text-shadow:none;background-color:transparent;\\\">download</span><span><span style=\\\"\\\">...</span></span></a>（需要翻墙）</p><h2 style=\\\"margin:0px;font:inherit;clear:left;margin-top:2.33333em;margin-bottom:1.16667em;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;\\\">用kivy开发第一个python app</h2><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">安装完kivy就可以开发app程序了，这里演示下hello-world程序，关于kivy更复杂的用法不是本文重点，后面再成文介绍。<br/>1) 创建一个main.py文件，写入：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1em 0px;\\\"><pre style=\\\"padding:0.88889em;font-size:0.9em;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;background:rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius:4px;margin:0px;\\\"><code style=\\\"font-family:Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;lucida console&quot;, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace;margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px;font-size:inherit;background-color:inherit;\\\">#! -*- coding:utf-8 -*-\\\nfrom kivy.app import App\\\nclass HelloApp(App):\\\npass\\\nif __name__ == '__main__':\\\nHelloApp().run()</code></pre></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">2)创建一个hello.kv文件，写入：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1em 0px;\\\"><pre style=\\\"padding:0.88889em;font-size:0.9em;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;background:rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius:4px;margin:0px;\\\"><code style=\\\"font-family:Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;lucida console&quot;, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace;margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px;font-size:inherit;background-color:inherit;\\\">Label:\\\ntext: 'Hello, World! I am nMask'</code></pre></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">简单说明：main.py是入口函数，定义了一个HelloApp类，该类继承kivy.app；hello.kv文件是kivy程序，相当于定义界面风格等，该文件命名规则为类名小写且去除app。</p><h2 style=\\\"margin:0px;font:inherit;clear:left;margin-top:2.33333em;margin-bottom:1.16667em;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;\\\">运行第一个python app</h2><div style=\\\"margin:1em 0px;\\\"><pre style=\\\"padding:0.88889em;font-size:0.9em;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;background:rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius:4px;margin:0px;\\\"><code style=\\\"font-family:Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;lucida console&quot;, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace;margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px;font-size:inherit;background-color:inherit;\\\">python main.py</code></pre></div><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">运行结果：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\"><img src=\\\":/937c05fcd3a243a29606a4264a5a4a71\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" data-filename=\\\"v2-6d3934a33ddf07c62555833a6f58a4c7_r.jpg\\\" height=\\\"375\\\" style=\\\"margin:0px; display:block; max-width:100%; cursor:zoom-in; background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); animation:0.5s ease-in 0s 1 normal none running fxRichTextFadeIn;\\\" width=\\\"2310\\\"/></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><h2 style=\\\"margin:0px;font:inherit;clear:left;margin-top:2.33333em;margin-bottom:1.16667em;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;\\\">安装buildozer工具</h2><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">　　通过以上的编码，我创建了自己的第一个python app程序，该程序可以直接在mac、linux、windows平台下运行，那么如何让它在安卓或者苹果手机上运行呢？我们知道在安卓上运行，需要将其打包成apk安装程序，因此就需要用到前面提到过的buildozer工具，（buildozer工具可以打包kivy程序，支持android、ios等），buildozer的安装过程比较简单：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1em 0px;\\\"><pre style=\\\"padding:0.88889em;font-size:0.9em;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;background:rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius:4px;margin:0px;\\\"><code style=\\\"font-family:Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;lucida console&quot;, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace;margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px;font-size:inherit;background-color:inherit;\\\">pip install buildozer</code></pre></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><h2 style=\\\"margin:0px;font:inherit;clear:left;margin-top:2.33333em;margin-bottom:1.16667em;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;\\\">使用buildozer工具将kivy程序打包成apk</h2><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">在python项目目录下运行：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1em 0px;\\\"><pre style=\\\"padding:0.88889em;font-size:0.9em;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;background:rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius:4px;margin:0px;\\\"><code style=\\\"font-family:Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;lucida console&quot;, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace;margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px;font-size:inherit;background-color:inherit;\\\">buildozer init</code></pre></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">运行成功将会创建一个配置文件buildozer.spec，可以通过修改配置文件更改app的名称等，然后运行：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1em 0px;\\\"><pre style=\\\"padding:0.88889em;font-size:0.9em;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;background:rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius:4px;margin:0px;\\\"><code style=\\\"font-family:Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;lucida console&quot;, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace;margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px;font-size:inherit;background-color:inherit;\\\">buildozer android debug deploy run</code></pre></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">运行以上命令将会生成跨平台的安装包，可适用安卓、ios等，如果用于安卓，则是利用python-for-android项目。</p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">在第一次运行以上命令的时候，会自动在系统中下载安卓sdk等必要文件，如下图。（过程需要翻墙，而且有很多依赖需要下载）<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\"><img src=\\\":/c604f958a2234a7a9d084f1b573c47dc\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" data-filename=\\\"v2-78e5c305cf05f42a523491dfed4dba4e_r.jpg\\\" height=\\\"213\\\" style=\\\"margin:0px; display:block; max-width:100%; cursor:zoom-in; background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); animation:0.5s ease-in 0s 1 normal none running fxRichTextFadeIn;\\\" width=\\\"1046\\\"/></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">说明：这里只演示打包成apk文件，iso平台的可自行研究，参考文档：<a href=\\\"https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//github.com/kivy/buildozer\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noreferrer\\\" style=\\\"color:inherit;cursor:pointer;border-bottom:1px solid grey;text-decoration:none;\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"><span style=\\\"font:0px/0 a;color:transparent;text-shadow:none;background-color:transparent;\\\">https://</span><span>github.com/kivy/buildoz</span><span style=\\\"font:0px/0 a;color:transparent;text-shadow:none;background-color:transparent;\\\">er</span><span><span style=\\\"\\\">...</span></span></a>。</p><h2 style=\\\"margin:0px;font:inherit;clear:left;margin-top:2.33333em;margin-bottom:1.16667em;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;\\\">python apk程序测试</h2><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">如果以上步骤都运行成功的话，应该会在项目目录下的bin目录下生成一个apk文件，类似如下：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\"><img src=\\\":/1c69b77673c2470580cba9605c05fec1\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" data-filename=\\\"v2-5eb19de9b30e3269f0d8ecc46cdba9aa_r.jpg\\\" height=\\\"406\\\" style=\\\"margin:0px 64px; display:block; max-width:100%; cursor:zoom-in; background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); animation:0.5s ease-in 0s 1 normal none running fxRichTextFadeIn;\\\" width=\\\"562\\\"/></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">然后将apk下载到安卓系统的手机上，安装即可，测试效果如下：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\"><img src=\\\":/9453e6126b9c41e8b1c98e92979d2d24\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" data-filename=\\\"v2-bc2160a6d1817ca6052639c017ac9241_r.jpg\\\" height=\\\"516\\\" style=\\\"margin:0px; display:block; max-width:100%; cursor:zoom-in; background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); animation:0.5s ease-in 0s 1 normal none running fxRichTextFadeIn;\\\" width=\\\"976\\\"/></div><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\"><br/>打开app：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\"><img src=\\\":/5ae76bd949d14bdf81e32df19c05691d\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" data-filename=\\\"v2-278500d05c11e644c76505e9d284ff95_r.jpg\\\" height=\\\"943\\\" style=\\\"margin:0px; display:block; max-width:100%; cursor:zoom-in; background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); animation:0.5s ease-in 0s 1 normal none running fxRichTextFadeIn;\\\" width=\\\"956\\\"/></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><h2 style=\\\"margin:0px;font:inherit;clear:left;margin-top:2.33333em;margin-bottom:1.16667em;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;\\\">buildozer使用说明</h2><div style=\\\"margin:1em 0px;\\\"><pre style=\\\"padding:0.88889em;font-size:0.9em;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;background:rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius:4px;margin:0px;\\\"><code style=\\\"font-family:Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;lucida console&quot;, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace;margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px;font-size:inherit;background-color:inherit;\\\">Usage:\\\nbuildozer [--profile &lt;name&gt;] [--verbose] [target] &lt;command&gt;...\\\nbuildozer --version\\\nAvailable targets:\\\nandroid        Android target, based on python-for-android project\\\nios            iOS target, based on kivy-ios project\\\nandroid_old    Android target, based on python-for-android project (old toolchain)\\\nGlobal commands (without target):\\\ndistclean          Clean the whole Buildozer environment.\\\nhelp               Show the Buildozer help.\\\ninit               Create a initial buildozer.spec in the current directory\\\nserve              Serve the bin directory via SimpleHTTPServer\\\nsetdefault         Set the default command to run when no arguments are given\\\nversion            Show the Buildozer version\\\nTarget commands:\\\nclean      Clean the target environment\\\nupdate     Update the target dependencies\\\ndebug      Build the application in debug mode\\\nrelease    Build the application in release mode\\\ndeploy     Deploy the application on the device\\\nrun        Run the application on the device\\\nserve      Serve the bin directory via SimpleHTTPServer\\\nTarget &quot;android_old&quot; commands:\\\nadb                Run adb from the Android SDK. Args must come after --, or\\\nuse --alias to make an alias\\\nlogcat             Show the log from the device\\\nTarget &quot;ios&quot; commands:\\\nlist_identities    List the available identities to use for signing.\\\nxcode              Open the xcode project.\\\nTarget &quot;android&quot; commands:\\\nadb                Run adb from the Android SDK. Args must come after --, or\\\nuse --alias to make an alias\\\nlogcat             Show the log from the device\\\np4a                Run p4a commands. Args must come after --, or use --alias\\\nto make an alias</code></pre></div><h2 style=\\\"margin:0px;font:inherit;clear:left;margin-top:2.33333em;margin-bottom:1.16667em;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;\\\">buildozer打包过程中的坑点</h2><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">如果在打包过程中遇到报错，可以修改buildozer.spec配置文件中的log_level为2，然后重新运行，可以看具体的错误信息。</p><h2 style=\\\"margin:0px;font:inherit;clear:left;margin-top:2.33333em;margin-bottom:1.16667em;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;\\\">报错：You might have missed to install 32bits libs</h2><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">这个错是我在centos7上运行时报的错，大意是系统缺少了某些32位的依赖文件。<br/>解决方案：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1em 0px;\\\"><pre style=\\\"padding:0.88889em;font-size:0.9em;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;background:rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius:4px;margin:0px;\\\"><code style=\\\"font-family:Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;lucida console&quot;, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace;margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px;font-size:inherit;background-color:inherit;\\\">yum -y install --skip-broken glibc.i686 arts.i686 audiofile.i686 bzip2-libs.i686 cairo.i686 cyrus-sasl-lib.i686 dbus-libs.i686 directfb.i686 esound-libs.i686 fltk.i686 freeglut.i686 gtk2.i686 hal-libs.i686 imlib.i686 lcms-libs.i686 lesstif.i686 libacl.i686 libao.i686 libattr.i686 libcap.i686 libdrm.i686 libexif.i686 libgnomecanvas.i686 libICE.i686 libieee1284.i686 libsigc++20.i686 libSM.i686 libtool-ltdl.i686 libusb.i686 libwmf.i686 libwmf-lite.i686 libX11.i686 libXau.i686 libXaw.i686 libXcomposite.i686 libXdamage.i686 libXdmcp.i686 libXext.i686 libXfixes.i686 libxkbfile.i686 libxml2.i686 libXmu.i686 libXp.i686 libXpm.i686 libXScrnSaver.i686 libxslt.i686 libXt.i686 libXtst.i686 libXv.i686 libXxf86vm.i686 lzo.i686 mesa-libGL.i686 mesa-libGLU.i686 nas-libs.i686 nss_ldap.i686 cdk.i686 openldap.i686 pam.i686 popt.i686 pulseaudio-libs.i686 sane-backends-libs-gphoto2.i686 sane-backends-libs.i686 SDL.i686 svgalib.i686 unixODBC.i686 zlib.i686 compat-expat1.i686 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 openal-soft.i686 alsa-oss-libs.i686 redhat-lsb.i686 alsa-plugins-pulseaudio.i686 alsa-plugins-oss.i686 alsa-lib.i686 nspluginwrapper.i686 libXv.i686 libXScrnSaver.i686 qt.i686 qt-x11.i686 pulseaudio-libs.i686 pulseaudio-libs-glib2.i686 alsa-plugins-pulseaudio.i686 python-matplotli</code></pre></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">参考：<a href=\\\"https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//ask.fedoraproject.org/en/question/9556/how-do-i-install-32bit-libraries-on-a-64-bit-fedora/\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noreferrer\\\" style=\\\"color:inherit;cursor:pointer;border-bottom:1px solid grey;text-decoration:none;\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"><span style=\\\"font:0px/0 a;color:transparent;text-shadow:none;background-color:transparent;\\\">https://</span><span>ask.fedoraproject.org/e</span><span style=\\\"font:0px/0 a;color:transparent;text-shadow:none;background-color:transparent;\\\">n/question/9556/how-do-i-install-32bit-libraries-on-a-64-bit-fedora/</span><span><span style=\\\"\\\">...</span></span></a></p><h2 style=\\\"margin:0px;font:inherit;clear:left;margin-top:2.33333em;margin-bottom:1.16667em;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;\\\">报错：Error compiling Cython file</h2><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">错误大意为cython文件出错，可能是cython模块没有安装，或者版本有问题。<br/>解决方案：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1em 0px;\\\"><pre style=\\\"padding:0.88889em;font-size:0.9em;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;background:rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius:4px;margin:0px;\\\"><code style=\\\"font-family:Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;lucida console&quot;, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace;margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px;font-size:inherit;background-color:inherit;\\\">pip install cython==0.25</code></pre></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><h2 style=\\\"margin:0px;font:inherit;clear:left;margin-top:2.33333em;margin-bottom:1.16667em;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;\\\">报错：IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory…..</h2><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">这是在打包的最后一步，将apk文件copy到项目bin目录下时报的错，是buildozer的一个bug。<br/>解决方案：<br/>修改/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/buildozer/tagets/android.py文件：<br/>(1)在文件开头导入:<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1em 0px;\\\"><pre style=\\\"padding:0.88889em;font-size:0.9em;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;background:rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius:4px;margin:0px;\\\"><code style=\\\"font-family:Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;lucida console&quot;, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace;margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px;font-size:inherit;background-color:inherit;\\\">from distutils.version import LooseVersion</code></pre></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">(2) 将786行:XXX found how the apk name is really built from the title这一行以下的代码替换为：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1em 0px;\\\"><pre style=\\\"padding:0.88889em;font-size:0.9em;word-break:normal;overflow-wrap:normal;white-space:pre;overflow:auto;background:rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius:4px;margin:0px;\\\"><code style=\\\"font-family:Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Andale Mono&quot;, &quot;lucida console&quot;, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace;margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px;font-size:inherit;background-color:inherit;\\\">__sdk_dir = self.android_sdk_dir\\\nbuild_tools_versions = os.listdir(join(__sdk_dir, 'build-tools'))\\\nbuild_tools_versions = sorted(build_tools_versions, key=LooseVersion)\\\nbuild_tools_version = build_tools_versions[-1]\\\ngradle_files = [&quot;build.gradle&quot;, &quot;gradle&quot;, &quot;gradlew&quot;]\\\nis_gradle_build = any((exists(join(dist_dir, x)) for x in gradle_files)) and build_tools_version &gt;= ’25.0'</code></pre></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><h2 style=\\\"margin:0px;font:inherit;clear:left;margin-top:2.33333em;margin-bottom:1.16667em;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;\\\">buildozer虚拟机</h2><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">　　kivy官方推出了一个buildozer虚拟机镜像，已经安装好了buildozer以及一些依赖文件，为buildozer打包测试提供平台。由于之前我在mac上利用buildozer打包一直报错，后来换成centos也依然没有成功，因此便下载了此虚拟机，测试效果如下：<br/></p><div style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\"><img src=\\\":/98a7839b74264f5381dc29e3ff56aed9\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" data-filename=\\\"v2-98c4e4d80cbc6f1cce9fa011f8c10120_r.jpg\\\" height=\\\"386\\\" style=\\\"display:block;max-width:100%;margin:1.4em auto;cursor:zoom-in;\\\" width=\\\"3030\\\"/></div><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">虚拟机下载地址：<a href=\\\"https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//txzone.net/files/torrents/kivy-buildozer-vm-2.0.zip\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noreferrer\\\" style=\\\"color:inherit;cursor:pointer;border-bottom:1px solid grey;text-decoration:none;\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"><span style=\\\"font:0px/0 a;color:transparent;text-shadow:none;background-color:transparent;\\\">http://</span><span>txzone.net/files/torren</span><span style=\\\"font:0px/0 a;color:transparent;text-shadow:none;background-color:transparent;\\\">ts/kivy-buildozer-vm-2.0.zip</span><span><span style=\\\"\\\">...</span></span></a></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">说明：对于无法解决依赖问题的朋友，可以使用此虚拟机进行程序打包，开发环境还是推荐用自己的本机。</p><h2 style=\\\"margin:0px;font:inherit;clear:left;margin-top:2.33333em;margin-bottom:1.16667em;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600;\\\">kivy开发实例</h2><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">　　因为本文重点在于介绍如何利用kivy+buildozer开发一款python app，因此对于kivy的开发过程，以及app功能进行了最简化。想要学习如何开发更复杂的app，可参考：<a href=\\\"https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//muxuezi.github.io/posts/kivy-perface.html%23\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noreferrer\\\" style=\\\"color:inherit;cursor:pointer;border-bottom:1px solid grey;text-decoration:none;\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"><span style=\\\"font:0px/0 a;color:transparent;text-shadow:none;background-color:transparent;\\\">https://</span><span>muxuezi.github.io/posts</span><span style=\\\"font:0px/0 a;color:transparent;text-shadow:none;background-color:transparent;\\\">/kivy-perface.html#</span><span><span style=\\\"\\\">...</span></span></a></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\"><i>～！～ 折腾python使我快乐，……，想想还是滚回去学java吧 ～！～</i></p><p style=\\\"margin:-0.8em 0px;\\\"><br/></p><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\"><i>公众号文章地址：</i></p><a href=\\\"https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s/QIYkT_wFcz4-Ajt27RnWLQ\\\" style=\\\"position:relative;display:block;margin:1em auto;width:390px;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:12px;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none;border:none;color:inherit;\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"><span style=\\\"position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px;right:0px;bottom:0px;background-repeat:no-repeat;filter:blur(20px);background-size:cover;background-position:50% center;background-image:url(https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-a96735c7b333047eedca354625621e9b_180x120.jpg);\\\"></span><span style=\\\"position:relative;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:12px;border-radius:inherit;background-color:rgba(246, 246, 246, 0.88);\\\"><span style=\\\"overflow:hidden;\\\"><span style=\\\"display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;max-height:40px;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.25;color:rgb(26, 26, 26);\\\">利用python开发app实战</span><span style=\\\"display:flex;margin-top:4px;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;color:rgb(153, 153, 153);white-space:nowrap;\\\"><span style=\\\"display:inline-flex;align-items:center;\\\">​<img src=\\\"data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class='Zi Zi--InsertLink' fill='currentColor' viewBox='0 0 24 24' width='17' height='17'%3e%3cpath d='M6.77 17.23c-.905-.904-.94-2.333-.08-3.193l3.059-3.06-1.192-1.19-3.059 3.058c-1.489 1.489-1.427 3.954.138 5.519s4.03 1.627 5.519.138l3.059-3.059-1.192-1.192-3.059 3.06c-.86.86-2.289.824-3.193-.08zm3.016-8.673l1.192 1.192 3.059-3.06c.86-.86 2.289-.824 3.193.08.905.905.94 2.334.08 3.194l-3.059 3.06 1.192 1.19 3.059-3.058c1.489-1.489 1.427-3.954-.138-5.519s-4.03-1.627-5.519-.138L9.786 8.557zm-1.023 6.68c.33.33.863.343 1.177.029l5.34-5.34c.314-.314.3-.846-.03-1.176-.33-.33-.862-.344-1.176-.03l-5.34 5.34c-.314.314-.3.846.03 1.177z' fill-rule='evenodd'%3e%3c/path%3e%3c/svg%3e\\\"></img></span>mp.weixin.qq.com</span></span><span style=\\\"margin-left:8px;border-radius:6px;\\\"><img src=\\\":/a180f13507f04c6cb9de35be10eecfdd\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" data-filename=\\\"v2-a96735c7b333047eedca354625621e9b_180x120.jpg\\\" height=\\\"60\\\" style=\\\"display:block;height:60px;object-fit:cover;border-radius:inherit;width:90px;\\\" width=\\\"90\\\"/></span></span></a><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">本文来自个人博客：</p><a href=\\\"https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//thief.one/2018/05/08/1/\\\" style=\\\"position:relative;display:block;margin:1em auto;width:390px;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:12px;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none;border:none;color:inherit;\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"><span style=\\\"position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px;right:0px;bottom:0px;background-repeat:no-repeat;filter:blur(20px);background-size:cover;background-position:50% center;background-image:url(https://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-17307934de215490a78b72d673f3a5a2_180x120.jpg);\\\"></span><span style=\\\"position:relative;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:12px;border-radius:inherit;background-color:rgba(246, 246, 246, 0.88);\\\"><span style=\\\"overflow:hidden;\\\"><span style=\\\"display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;max-height:40px;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.25;color:rgb(26, 26, 26);\\\">利用python开发app实战</span><span style=\\\"display:flex;margin-top:4px;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;color:rgb(153, 153, 153);white-space:nowrap;\\\"><span style=\\\"display:inline-flex;align-items:center;\\\">​<img src=\\\"data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class='Zi Zi--InsertLink' fill='currentColor' viewBox='0 0 24 24' width='17' height='17'%3e%3cpath d='M6.77 17.23c-.905-.904-.94-2.333-.08-3.193l3.059-3.06-1.192-1.19-3.059 3.058c-1.489 1.489-1.427 3.954.138 5.519s4.03 1.627 5.519.138l3.059-3.059-1.192-1.192-3.059 3.06c-.86.86-2.289.824-3.193-.08zm3.016-8.673l1.192 1.192 3.059-3.06c.86-.86 2.289-.824 3.193.08.905.905.94 2.334.08 3.194l-3.059 3.06 1.192 1.19 3.059-3.058c1.489-1.489 1.427-3.954-.138-5.519s-4.03-1.627-5.519-.138L9.786 8.557zm-1.023 6.68c.33.33.863.343 1.177.029l5.34-5.34c.314-.314.3-.846-.03-1.176-.33-.33-.862-.344-1.176-.03l-5.34 5.34c-.314.314-.3.846.03 1.177z' fill-rule='evenodd'%3e%3c/path%3e%3c/svg%3e\\\"></img></span>thief.one</span></span><span style=\\\"margin-left:8px;border-radius:6px;\\\"><img src=\\\":/aa2706ed852342a8b383e315b6856e14\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" data-filename=\\\"v2-17307934de215490a78b72d673f3a5a2_180x120.jpg\\\" height=\\\"60\\\" style=\\\"display:block;height:60px;object-fit:cover;border-radius:inherit;width:90px;\\\" width=\\\"90\\\"/></span></span></a><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\">扫一扫关注我的公众号：</p><div style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;\\\"><img height=\\\"258\\\" src=\\\"data:image/svg+xml;utf8,&lt;svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='258' height='258'&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;\\\" style=\\\"display:block;max-width:100%;margin:1.4em auto;\\\" width=\\\"258\\\"></img></div><div style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;margin-top:2.24em;\\\"><img height=\\\"258\\\" src=\\\"data:image/svg+xml;utf8,&lt;svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='258' height='258'&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;\\\" style=\\\"display:block;max-width:100%;margin:1.4em auto;\\\" width=\\\"258\\\"></img></div><p style=\\\"margin:1.4em 0px;margin-bottom:0px;\\\"></p></div></div><div style=\\\"font-size:14px;color:rgb(133, 144, 166);padding:16px 0px;overflow:hidden;width:690px;margin:0px auto;\\\">编辑于 2019-07-03</div><div style=\\\"overflow:hidden;width:690px;margin:0px auto;display:flex;\\\"><div style=\\\"display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-box-align:center;align-items:center;margin-bottom:-10px;padding:16px 0px;\\\"><div style=\\\"position:relative;display:inline-block;padding:0px 12px;color:rgb(0, 132, 255);vertical-align:top;border-radius:100px;background:rgba(0, 132, 255, 0.1);overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;height:33px;font-size:13px;line-height:33px;margin-right:5px;\\\"><span><a href=\\\"https://www.zhihu.com/topic/19552832\\\" style=\\\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none;\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"><div style=\\\"position:relative;display:inline-block;\\\"><div>Python</div></div></a></span></div><div style=\\\"position:relative;display:inline-block;padding:0px 12px;color:rgb(0, 132, 255);border-radius:100px;background:rgba(0, 132, 255, 0.1);vertical-align:middle;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;height:33px;font-size:13px;line-height:33px;margin-right:5px;\\\"><span><a href=\\\"https://www.zhihu.com/topic/19710602\\\" style=\\\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none;\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"><div style=\\\"position:relative;display:inline-block;\\\"><div>Python 开发</div></div></a></span></div><div style=\\\"position:relative;display:inline-block;padding:0px 12px;color:rgb(0, 132, 255);border-radius:100px;background:rgba(0, 132, 255, 0.1);vertical-align:middle;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:10px;height:33px;font-size:13px;line-height:33px;\\\"><span><a href=\\\"https://www.zhihu.com/topic/19555634\\\" style=\\\"color:inherit;text-decoration:none;\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"><div style=\\\"position:relative;display:inline-block;\\\"><div>Android 开发</div></div></a></span></div></div></div><div style=\\\"overflow:hidden;width:690px;margin:0px auto;\\\"><div style=\\\"visibility:hidden;position:static;top:auto;right:auto;bottom:0px;left:0px;display:block;float:none;margin:0px 0px 10px;height:54px;\\\"></div></div></div></div></span></div></div></div></div></div>\\\n</div>\\\n</span>\\\n</div></body></html>\\u0000\"]],\"start1\":0,\"start2\":0,\"length1\":0,\"length2\":35151}]"
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