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title_diff: "[{\"diffs\":[[1,\"论工业软件的十大趋势万字长文\"]],\"start1\":0,\"start2\":0,\"length1\":0,\"length2\":14}]"
body_diff: "[{\"diffs\":[[1,\"<html>\\\r\\\n<head>\\\r\\\n  <title>论工业软件的十大趋势|万字长文</title>\\\r\\\n  <basefont face=\\\"微软雅黑\\\" size=\\\"2\\\" />\\\r\\\n  <meta http-equiv=\\\"Content-Type\\\" content=\\\"text/html;charset=utf-8\\\" />\\\r\\\n  <meta name=\\\"exporter-version\\\" content=\\\"YXBJ Windows/608924 (zh-CN, DDL); Windows/10.0.0 (Win64); EDAMVersion=V2;\\\"/>\\\r\\\n  <style>\\\r\\\n\\tbody, td {\\\r\\\n\\t  font-family: 微软雅黑;\\\r\\\n\\t  font-size: 12pt;\\\r\\\n\\t}\\\r\\\n  </style>\\\r\\\n</head>\\\r\\\n<body>\\\r\\\n<a name=\\\"21000\\\"></a>\\\r\\\n<h1>论工业软件的十大趋势|万字长文</h1>\\\r\\\n\\\r\\\n<div><span style=\\\"margin:0px;\\\"><div style=\\\"padding:8px 0px;margin:8px auto;max-width:700px;\\\"> <div style=\\\"padding:20px 16px 12px;margin:0;background-color:#fff\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0\\\"><h2 style=\\\"font-weight:400;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:22px;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:14px\\\"> 论工业软件的十大趋势|万字长文 </h2><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;margin-bottom:22px;line-height:20px;font-size:0;word-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-all\\\"><span style=\\\"padding:0;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin:0 10px 10px 0;font-size:15px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);margin-right:0;color:rgba(0,0,0,0.3)\\\">原创：</span><span style=\\\"padding:0;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin:0 10px 10px 0;font-size:15px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,0.3)\\\"><span style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;color:#576b95\\\">林雪萍</span></span><span style=\\\"padding:0;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin:0 10px 10px 0;font-size:15px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);position:relative\\\"><a style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;color:#576b95;text-decoration:none;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0,0,0,0)\\\"> 知识自动化 </a></span><em style=\\\"padding:0;font-style:normal;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin:0 10px 10px 0;font-size:15px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,0.3)\\\"></em></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;overflow:hidden;color:#333;font-size:17px;word-wrap:break-word;-webkit-hyphens:auto;-ms-hyphens:auto;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;position:relative;z-index:0\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:16px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);line-height:2;letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em;white-space:normal\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;transform:translate3d(-1px,0,0);-webkit-transform:translate3d(-1px,0,0);-moz-transform:translate3d(-1px,0,0);-o-transform:translate3d(-1px,0,0)\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;width:50%;border-left:1px none rgb(152,152,152);border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-right:1px none rgb(71,193,168);border-top-right-radius:0\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:-5px;margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-align:center\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;border-radius:1em;background-color:rgb(71,193,168);padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;color:rgb(255,255,255);font-size:14px;letter-spacing:2px;line-height:1.6\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><span style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px\\\">全文字数</span><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></strong></p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;text-align:center\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;padding-right:10px;padding-left:10px;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:2px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><span style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;color:#353372\\\"><span style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:21px\\\"><strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\">9000</strong></span></span></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><span style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px\\\">字</span></p></div></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;width:50%;border-width:0 0 0 1px;border-left-style:solid;border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-left-color:rgb(71,193,168)\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:-5px;margin-right:0;margin-left:0;text-align:center\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;border-radius:1em;background-color:rgb(71,193,168);padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;color:rgb(255,255,255);font-size:14px;letter-spacing:2px;line-height:1.6\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><span style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px\\\">阅读时间</span><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></strong></p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;text-align:center\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;padding-right:10px;padding-left:10px;line-height:1.5;letter-spacing:2px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><span style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:21px;color:rgb(53,51,114)\\\">27</span></strong></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><span style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px\\\">分钟</span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">随着数字技术的发展，工业似乎正在进入一个平台青春期的朦胧前夜。而最开始作为工具的工业软件，则逐渐成为重要推手。它自身正在经历空前的变化。这个变化始自十多年前，但直到现在借助于工业互联网、5G这样的折射光，它的萌芽才开始变得有些轮廓。还需要十年到二十年的时间，工业界才能真正感觉它的颠覆性变化。<br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">也许那个时候，工业软件的工具属性将不复存在。它以一种更加内生、更加隐蔽的平台方式，主宰着工业的走向。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;text-align:center\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);padding-bottom:3px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;padding:3px;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);color:rgb(0,44,75)\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\">一、设计与仿真的融合</strong></p></div></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">CAD与CAE曾经是两个泾渭分明的阵营。少数工业软件才会横跨这两个领域。而现在，设计已经跟仿真紧密地结合在一起了。设计既出，仿真即行。同源数据，共生验证。业界比较热闹的CPS、数字孪生、数物融合等概念背后，都有映射着这样的事实。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">看一看这几年西门子、达索系统和欧特克的动向就知道了。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">在最近几年，达索系统重点就是深耕仿真领域，充实达索系统旗下的仿真品牌 。在最近五年的并购中，有一半是在进行仿真软件的购买。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">而西门子同样在接连不断地收购仿真公司，2016年，西门子以近10亿美元的价格，收购了全球工程多学科仿真软件供应商CD-adapco，类似的举动还包括并购LMS、自动驾驶仿真软件公司TASS等，都是一次一次地向行业拓展。 </p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">欧特克也通过并购，推出自己在仿真市场的产品。在2016年推出仿真分析CFD软件，这是欧特克仿真分析软件产品组合的最新成员，它依托欧特克在2011年3月的一次并购。而收购大型通用的有限元分析ALGOR、模具分析软件MoldFlow，都让它在CAE市场上占据一席之地。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">这标志一个显著的变化，CAD与CAE正在紧密地连接在一起。即设计即仿真，将成为工业领域的标配。这种融合的力度，正在得到空前的加强。传统的CAD和CAE分而治之的局面，正在由CAD厂商率先打破。由于物理数值仿真将先于物理实现，使得几何引擎的重要性也将随之降低。这将会对单纯只做CAD和CAE的厂家，形成一个巨大的压力。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">这种局面，不仅让PTC的CAD事业部会有压力，仿真巨头ANSYS也同样受到冲击。最好的方法，那就是二者联盟。为了应对CAD与CAE的日渐一体化趋势，ANSYS与PTC进行合作，联合开发“仿真驱动设计”的解决方案，为用户提供统一的建模和仿真环境，从而消除设计与仿真之间的界限。而仿真商用软件MSC（已经被海克斯康并购），早在2014年推出的Apex平台，就是为了正面迎接二者融合的挑战。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">CAD与CAE的融合，意味着制造端的前置，它使得设计要更多担负起传统上样机与测试的功能。“面向制造的设计”DFM、面向安全的设计DFS等DFX系列，变得更加可行，而且更具普遍性。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;text-align:center\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);padding-bottom:3px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;padding:3px;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);color:rgb(0,44,75)\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\">二、机器自我发挥：创成式设计</strong></p></div></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">创成式设计，是软件自动根据零部件的承载的边界条件，进行应力分析和拓扑优化，从多种结构优化的方案中最适宜的方案。在当前人工智能如此热闹的时候，它也会被漫不经心的CAD厂商，成为是人工智能的新篇章。似乎创成式设计，是一场来自AI的拯救，经常会被看做成是一场人工智能的胜利。其实并不如此。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">通过增加约束条件，让计算机能够形成更多的拓扑结构，并不是什么新鲜的事情。新鲜的是，这种设计带来的结构和材质的挑战，将如何实现？增材制造给出了一个答案，面对那些奇怪的结构形状（天知道计算机在想什么，给定约束条件下，可以给出瞠目结舌的想法），3D打印可以从容实现。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">欧特克在此也是耕耘多年，它的Within软件是在Autodesk2014年收购的伦敦软件公司Within Labs的技术基础上开发出来的。与此同时，还在开发其它衍生式设计项目，其中包括ProjectDreamcatcher。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">为空客设计的座椅也增添了美誉度。那些奇怪形状的结构，让人倍加赞叹。</p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;line-height:0\\\"><img src=\\\":/e20291cfe0a843a5ac245fa19ccf061b\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" data-filename=\\\"640.jpg\\\" style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;height:auto !important;vertical-align:middle\\\"/></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em;text-align:center\\\"><span style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:14px;color:rgb(41,41,41)\\\">图1：创成式设计出来的NASA土星登陆器</span></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">在增材制造的世界，多了CAD和CAE的足迹。与此同时，用于晶格优化和金属增材制造模拟的Autodesk Netfabb。而在PTC的Creo 4.0中，也简化了3D CAD与3D打印之间的流程实现了均匀晶格的创建。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">都需要补上这一课。在2017年5月， Solid Edge ST10 正式发布，提供创成式设计，为设计、仿真和协作提供的增强功能。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">而在物联网世界自由遨游的PTC公司，也意识到这个新方向的价值。2018年11月，购买了创立于2012年的新公司Frustrum。这笔价值约7000万美元的收购交易，将使PTC在其核心CAD软件产品组合中添加Frustum的AI驱动的生成设计工具。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">为了突出创成式设计的效果，欧特克也没少下功夫。“CAD是一个谎言”， AutoDesk高管曾经如此调侃到，“创成式设计正在让它变得真正名符其实”。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">但这个方向，还需要有更多的例子，才能印证这是面向规模制造的一个大跨步式的发展。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;text-align:center\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);padding-bottom:3px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;padding:3px;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);color:rgb(0,44,75)\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\">三、数据传递“全屏化”</strong></p></div></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">纸张是制造的圣杯。在相当长的工业发展时期，无论是设计，还是车间生产，发蓝的二维图纸，象征着总工的最高权威。指令，往往就是“纸之令”，这是一种传递决策的古老方式，就像古代的军队驿道。而且，越是复杂的制造，数据传递越是复杂，那么通过纸张、看板等载体实现信息传递出现差错的可能性就越高。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">无纸化，是波音早在上个世纪九十年代就提出来。作为一个简洁易懂的目标，背后含义重大。告别简单的蓝图纸，或许容易；但要在设计与制造之间以及整个工厂实现无纸化，则非常困难。从1990年开始研发的波音777，是最早采用数字化技术设计的飞机，而一直到现在，波音仍然在致力解决这样的问题。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">无纸化，是个解决孤岛的方向。在这种信念之下，所有的纸张和表格，都是孤岛数据的象征，这意味着工厂出现了“数据肠阻塞”。不过，这也是当下所有平庸工厂的普遍特点。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">然而，要彻底解决这样的问题，看上去也是有期望了。增强现实AR作为一种全新的媒介，有可能重新定义数据传输方式。在设计研发工程师那里，像《钢铁侠》中的主角那样，在空中进行拖拽式的设计，已经有了萌芽——洛克希德马丁正在做这样的尝试；而在工厂现场，带有丰富软件支撑的增强现实设备AR，已经来到了操作工人的身边。PTC  ThingWorx  Operator Advisor采用了全新的3D设计和工作指令的方式，可以通过AR传递到任何一线操作工的手中。全球最大的风机设备制造商丹麦Vestas，已经率先进入这样的3D时代。它旨在通过简化关键操作数据的收集、合成和传递方式来解决”断点数据”的问题。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">这意味着，车间里向员工传递信息的方式，将彻底改变，“文本”和“纸令”时代 将有可能宣告结束。三维数据和指令，不完全是数据下发的问题，而是通过一种类似“知识感受”的方式进行传递。这种传递是体验，是感受，而不是文本说明。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">这时候需要的指令，不是一张纸的说明，而是一张屏，而是一种感受。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">无纸化本身是一个灯塔，它正在有了更加具体的的方式：“屏幕化”将成为新的载体。在巴塞罗那的2019世界移动通信大会上，PTC的增强现实Vuforia解决方案已经开始在微软的HoloLens 2进行内置，通过新手势、语音增强和跟踪功能，可以无需繁复的编程工作 。空气工程公司Howden，已经开始采用这种技术，提高客户使用其设备的体验。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">鼠标，让人手成为鼠标垫上的爬行动物；而AR则让人的手解放出来，成为在空中翻动的飞鸟。无论是在设计室，还是在工厂，许多人就像指挥家一样挥舞双手——那是他们驱动数据的全新方式。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">然而它背后的潜台词，则要意味深长得多。全球最大的工程机械制造商Caterpillar已经不再为用户提供图纸了。想要维修油路，非授权的维修工程师只能去猜测了。用户可以拥有一切细节，但看不到它的数据。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">那么，下一代工人是什么样子的？</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">他们都是装有“第二血管”的互联工人。在这条第二血管的通道上，穿梭着各种数据。而借助于AR技术，这些工人完全可以看得见它们。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">“撕掉每一张纸”？“全屏化”成为精益的标配？这将挑战一个工厂在几十年所形成的标杆实践和灯塔文化。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;text-align:center\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);padding-bottom:3px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;padding:3px;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);color:rgb(0,44,75)\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\">四、基于模型的系统工程</strong></p></div></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">人类处理复杂问题的能力，是有限的。系统工程是一种顶层的全局思维；而模型则是在更高的抽象层次上表达复杂事物的一种手段。很显然，基于模型的系统工程MBSE和基于模型的定义MBD，都是为</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">了增强人类处理复杂性的能力。PTC在2014年收购的模组化基础的系统与软体工程应用开发Atego，正是为了突出“协同合作”来构建复杂系统，同时满足开发由复杂的机械、电子与软体元件组成的系统。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">美国国防经费在全球遥遥领先，是其国家竞争力的重要保障。而美国国防部采办则涉及到从研发、制造到维护，有15万人，这其中将近30%的人员都是系统工程师。未来的设计，都是系统性思维考量。没有基于模型的系统工程，庞大的武器装备制造，是不可想象的。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">然而，这是一个持续的挑战。它最早是来自航空航天的号角，这个集结号一直在吹响，但看上去，要完成队伍集结还需要很长时间。这是由产品的复杂性决定的。对产品设计采用全面的系统工程或基于模型的设计方法，涉及到在多个工程学科(机电磁热等)。而智能产品和联网产品的需求，不过是新增的一个复杂性要素之一，无论产品是汽车、家电、消费品还是移动设备，都是如此。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">波音它所推动的MBD（基于模型的定义）概念，正在得到广泛的认同。许多CAD公司，都开始支持与MBD直接相关的产品制造信息PMI的相关标准。这个看上去打破CAD各家的格式枷锁的MBD标准，也得到了各家CAD软件目前都表示支持。早在2013年，Solidworks就开始推出了MBD模块。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">然而，这只是一个意愿的开始而已。目前企业用户采用不同的三维设计软件，仍然会碰到多个MBD标准而无法统一，受三维软件限制太大。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">要支持全生命周期，必须要有端到端的MBSE的技术基础。波音采用了全新的“菱形”描述，以优化传统系统工程中大名鼎鼎的“V”字型路线。从这个菱形描述中，可以看出虚拟模型和物理世界中，二者需要随时交互，形成一个“互联环境”。这意味着，必须摆脱文档驱动的局面。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">数字孪生提供了令人激动的想象力。然而它的实现，必须依靠基于模型定义的产品。因此，它还是一个浮在上面的荷花，丝连不断的莲藕才是它的根基。</p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;line-height:0\\\"><img src=\\\":/e24e4ed29bb044e49b60c80df078bbda\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" data-filename=\\\"640.jpg\\\" style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;height:auto !important;vertical-align:middle\\\"/></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em;text-align:center\\\"><span style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:14px;color:rgb(41,41,41)\\\">图2：波音研发技术部高级技术Don Farr 2018年 </span></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">对中国制造用户而言，也形成了新的担心：一味推动MBD，将会扼杀中国CAD、CAE软件商的努力。因为这些模型的标准，将使得用户未来的数据迁移，将变得更加艰难。国外软件在用户端，建立的壁垒将更高。 三维模型与数据分开存储，将是一种可行的方式。然而中国企业没有形成共同标准和体系的意愿，难以形成合力，用户更是无法摆脱既有的数据结构和使用习惯，前景完全不容乐观。更重要的是，国内的很多工业软件都被吸引到了工业互联网的沟渠里面去了，国际上10303标准体系中有将近200个标准，构成了深深的MBD的壁垒鸿沟，然而国内企业却鲜见研究，鲜有进展。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">一些大型企业(如航空航天)的复杂性增强，对于大型主流软件的依赖越来越大，导致后者越来越封闭，越来越垄断，其它上下游软件基本没有进入机会和发展空间。许多企业的技术交流，张口闭口都是基于系统工程MBSE的等大型整体解决方案，根本都不提任何产品的名字和品牌。可以想象，一旦企业采用了一个整体解决方案，其它产品是很难有机会进入的。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;text-align:center\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);padding-bottom:3px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;padding:3px;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);color:rgb(0,44,75)\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\">五、从一次买断到持续订阅</strong></p></div></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">工具类软件的销售方式，正在从一次性许可（License）转向订阅模式（Subscription）。订阅模式的软件并不一定都是基于云部署，可以仍然是在企业内部安装，但是通过订阅定期获得授权密码。<br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">订阅模式是一种对于用户企业和软件公司双赢的模式，用户企业可以根据应用需求，灵活增减用户数，还可以即时获得最新的软件版本。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">而对于软件公司而言，则可以确保用户产生持续的现金流，虽然当期某个用户企业带来的收入减少，但是几年下来，订阅服务的收入就会超过销售固定使用权的营收。同时，对于用户企业而言，应用软件产生的大量数据，是很容易绑定在软件工具上。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">从软件发展的动力来看，显然软件供应商更喜欢订阅模式，它会使得收入变得非常稳定。在订阅的模式下，长期的更新显得更合理。在国际市场已经呈现出绝对性的胜利：达索在很多欧美日国家每年的营收， 70~80%是年租收入，只有20~30%是一次性买断PLC（perpetual license cost）。因此，软件公司在欧美看上去也很舒服，因为每年都会提前锁定大部分收入，工程师可以轻轻松松搞研发。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">当然，Autodesk在订阅制走的并不顺利，自 2015 年开始，便希望能将商业模式从传统的软件买断过渡到订阅制。2017年的大裁员风波与这个模式的推动也有关系，那就是继续组织重整，坚决聚焦订阅服务模式。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">在互联网普及度不高的上个时代，厂商或作者利用网络进行持续地维护与升级比较困难，很多软件基本就是“一锤子买卖”；而现在，随时更新版本的条件，基本完善，为产品提供完善的客户支持和迭代升级通过在线实施，没有任何障碍。而云计算则加速了它的普及。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">工业软件的订阅制，已经势不可挡了。中国市场还在凭着它特有的市场特色，在进行勉强的抵御。一次性购买，这也是中国最喜欢的方式，也是由于中国项目经费的构成具有特殊性：软件升级是有预算的，而购买软件服务则很难形成项目预算。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">同时，这也是中国的一个奇怪现象：软件服务在中国的价值，远远没被认可。但服务恰恰才是软件的核心价值。无法提前锁定软件的长期服务价值，是国内许多自主软件企业生存困难的重要原因之一。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">订阅制，对中国用户的数据垄断，或许是一个巨大的威胁；但对于国内软件商，却是一个巨大的机会。这会让工业软件商，可以更好地做好研发。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;text-align:center\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);padding-bottom:3px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;padding:3px;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);color:rgb(0,44,75)\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\">六、工具向平台进化</strong></p></div></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">把工业软件看成工具的时代，或许已经过去。2019年2月达索系统宣布，经历了21年的SolidWorksWorld大会名称将不再保留，而是成为3D Experience  World。大会名称要改，这可能会哭死众多的SolidWorks粉丝。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">这发出了一个重要的信号，任何单一软件工具的品牌，都不再重要，平台的存在将笼罩一切。达索系统正在主推它的3D EXPERIENCE平台，这是一个顶层战略。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">工业软件作为一种强烈存在的工具属性，正在被降低它独立存在的意义。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">当你想要一把斧头，对方会问你，难道你要的不是一根木头吗？</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">也许是真的，你的确想要一块篝火用的木头。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">这也意味着商业模式的更新。工业软件供应商，正在试图从设计-制造的全过程中，进一步挖掘价值。制造即服务，是这一理念的核心。这就是为什么达索系统致力于将前端的设计、后期的制造直接打通。而它在2014年收购面向营销和展示的高端3D可视化软件RTT公司，正是秉承了这样一种理念。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">从这个大趋势来看，就能理解近几年计算机辅助制造CAM风雨飘摇的市场。曾经独立的CAM软件，纷纷落下。英国CAM公司达尔康在2013年出乎意料地被欧特克吞并，本来是独立的CAM软件市场，被迅速洗牌，海克斯康2014年并购了英国CAM软件公司Vero——后者此前已经进行过系列并购，而同年年底增材制造巨头3D System则以一亿美元的代价收购了以色列优秀的CAM厂商Cimatron。这个故事最新上演的剧情是，2017年Solidworks推出了面向CAM的版本，而海克斯康在2018年吃掉了法国CAM公司SPRING。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">独立的CAM软件商，都在成为软件平台服务的一部分。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">支撑平台最大的秘密，在于社区，在于协同。其实社区的概念早已有之，上个世纪90年代末的Autodesk公司，最早也扶持做合作伙伴生态，出现了一大批二次开发的工业软件企业。但随着Autodesk并购德美科这样的二次开发企业之后，国内的二次开发者一时也毫无还手之力，纷纷转型，四下散去。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">随着工具向平台的转移，国内的各种小伙伴，将越来越成为巨舰之上的一块块海藻。所谓的合作伙伴，铁与草的关系，如此而已。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">这样的平台存在，对着中小企业将有着巨大的诱惑力。这也意味着平台型的企业，必须做好“全能选手”的准备。工业软件企业，也在做好迁移平台、服务中小企业的准备。 </p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">最近的例子是达索进入了ERP系统。2018年底达索系统以4.25亿美元完成收购制造业ERP软件公司IQMS，随之将IQMS更名为DELMIAWORKS 。将设计端的数据，与经营数据相结合，这是PLM软件商拓展疆土的记录中，所能跨出的最大一步。而在今年年初达索系统SOLIDWORKS推出的3DEXPERIENCE.WORKS，正是中小型企业用户提供一个单一的数字环境，将社交协作与设计、仿真、制造甚至ERP功能相结合。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">工具，再见！</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">这对于中国苦苦挣扎的PLM厂商，绝不是一个好消息。它的意思是，当青铜侠还在立志成铁的时候，钢铁侠已经披挂上了战车。整整两代的差距：不是两代人，而是两个时代。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;text-align:center\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);padding-bottom:3px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;padding:3px;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);color:rgb(0,44,75)\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\">七、天生云端</strong></p></div></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">软件即服务(SaaS)的概念不断发展，在工业领域。基于云的工业软件订阅模式越来越多，成为企业在本地软件安装环境之外的一种选择。云与在线的工业软件可以直接在本地浏览器中运行，或通过Web及移动应用程序运行。与安装在本地计算机上的传统软件不同，它通过远程服务器进行更新，并通过订阅获得服务，通常是每年甚至每月一次。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">在十年前，云CAD就被广泛谈论，但大家都会觉得困难重重。最知名的CAD架构师之一，Autodesk的创始人之一的Michael Riddle当时指出，云CAD的复杂性，是桌面CAD的十倍以上。这并不完全是因为这类程序动辄数千万行数的代码，而是指建模的难度，以及像国际象棋一样复杂的可能性。当然，重建架构体系是必须的，而这简直是成熟软件厂商的梦魇。1994年，AutoCAD第13版隆重发布，然而市场反馈是恶评如潮。要知道，这是一个重建架构、代码几乎完全重写的全新软件，而Autodesk为此迎接来的，却是一场代价高昂的灾难 。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">从Solidworks出走的元老，在2012年创立了Onshape公司，完全提供在线CAD服务。借助于创始人的大牌效应，一时间引起了强烈的反响。而Autodesk的Fusion360迅速进行了跟进 。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">在这样一个领域，中国的软件也在迅速做出反应。像浩辰、利驰等都加强了线上CAD的应用；而在CAE领域，这更像是新型小企业的选择。很多国内的CAE软件，例如北京云道、上海数巧、蓝威等正走在这条道路上。这是一个避开强敌锋芒，在市场缝隙中寻找利基市场的一个良机。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">经历了四轮融资之后，Onshape在2016年4月一共获得了1.7亿美元的投资，然而再无下文。看上去，Onshape起了大早，但赶的还是晚集。它的冲击力并没有原来想象的那么美。看起来，云CAD产品，有云模式带来的技术优势，有商业模式的创新，但是说到底，还是要把基本建模做好，否则并不能被用户广泛接受。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">但Onshape的举动，还是震醒了诸多传统CAD的强势厂商。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">在2018年，CATIA推出了xDesign，界面颜色与CATIA 比较一致。主要是为了应对未来的OnShape等在线设计软件带来的冲击。更重要的是，它带来的巨大的协同效应，使得“众包众创 集体协同”成为一种可能。这也是在线设计的真正魅力。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">随着工业云的进一步普及，就会有大量的中间软件商，提供各种软件之间的数据转换服务。例如像CIDEON这样的公司 ，就会把云CAD等工程数据，与SAP这样的云平台进行无缝、简洁的连接。</p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;line-height:0\\\"><img src=\\\":/6510a5017256482b9bb8db7a1c3d35c6\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" data-filename=\\\"640.jpg\\\" style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;height:auto !important;vertical-align:middle;width:500px\\\"/></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em;text-align:center\\\"><span style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:14px;color:rgb(41,41,41)\\\">图3：异构数据的连接</span><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">为了云平台这样一个战略方向，达索甚至考虑到了云计算设施的硬件资源。2011年，成立不到一年的云计算公司Outscale获得了达索系统的战略投资；到了2017年6月 ，达索系统追加投资获得其多数股权。通过Outscale全球十多个数据中心提供的云计算服务，达索系统的3D 体验平台，可以充分发挥硬件、软件的集成优势，并可以向各种规模的企业进行部署。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">这种基于独立于基础设施的云平台，可以从云端交付Windows应用程序和工作流。Frame就是这样一种独立服务商，打破传统传统的虚拟化桌面解决方案（如Citrix或VMware） ，后者是为非弹性的、单租户的数据中心基础设施设计的。对比一下，英特尔的X86架构在PC机上，和ARM架构在移动端，呈现的特征会有多么的不同。</p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;line-height:0\\\"><img src=\\\":/56a4adeb98fc41f694de01a908bf5e71\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" data-filename=\\\"640.jpg\\\" style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;height:auto !important;vertical-align:middle\\\"/></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em;text-align:center\\\"><span style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:14px;color:rgb(41,41,41)\\\">图4：云设施为工业云软件而来</span><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">天生云端，架构轻盈，符合用户对于工业云的弹性访问，正是工业软件在云端被看好的地方。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">工业软件向云平台的迁移，看上去是为了争夺更加广阔的中小企业市场。“云PLM”为中小型PLM用户提供了更多的选择，以根据他们的具体业务和工程需求定制解决方案。这意味着PLM业务和部署模式正在发生变化。而工业互联网的快速发展，则为这种“云生”软件，提供了优良的沃土。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;text-align:center\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);padding-bottom:3px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;padding:3px;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);color:rgb(0,44,75)\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\">八、拥抱IoT，重续PLM使命</strong></p></div></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">PLM产品全生命周期管理，这个概念本身就有着“一语定终身”的霸气。它从“产品数据管理”PDM演化而来，代表了CAD软件公司的深度厚望。然而，它却从来未曾真正实现过。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">大概在2005年左右，PLM不再是CAD工具公司的特权，许多新手——不乏有着炫目资历的，进入了这个领域。2007年Oracle收购了PLM软件公司Agile，SAP在2009年面向亚太地区推出了自己的PLM。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">IoT=PLM？还是IoT+PLM？</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">对PTC来讲，答案再明确不过。早在2年前，PTC的CEO就直截了当地说，“IoT就是PLM”。尽管PLM中，最为重要的是LifeCycle（生命周期），然而许多产品从来没有被实现过全生命周期管理。一台冰箱、一辆汽车，离开了工厂往往就杳无音讯，成为制造厂清单上“产品孤儿”。这也意味着，许多PLM软件系统被简化为PDM和工程变更管理。在物联网时代，这或将发展成为一种近视症。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">网联产品，正在为企业提供了前所未有的可见性和洞察力。从这个角度而言，PLM更像是一个企业的理念，而非产品本身。从这个意义而言，IoT成为激活这种理念的新招牌。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">西门子转向物联网的冲力，并不是来自PLM的冥想，而是来自现场机器的轰鸣。作为天生驻场的自动化公司而言，IoT战略是必然选项，因此它走向与PLM的连接，并不意外；而达索的步伐则要慢的多，在它的制造运营方案中，原来收购的生产排产管理软件Apriso，正在增加机器的连接，试图将业务流程于机器集成在一起。但对于达索而言，这更像是一个战术补丁，而非战略布局。</p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;line-height:0\\\"><img src=\\\":/61e4273c320a42b5b530fc1185b8ff3f\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" data-filename=\\\"640.jpg\\\" style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;height:auto !important;vertical-align:middle\\\"/></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em;text-align:center\\\"><span style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:14px;color:rgb(41,41,41)\\\">图5：PLM与IoT的关系</span></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">那么，IoT到底是PLM的平行双子座，还是PLM的新长子？</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">要回答这样的关系，需要明确两个边界：一个是工厂之内，对待设备的态度。这一点，所有软件公司的回答都是一致的；另外一个边界是，PLM是否要真正跨到工厂的大门之外，连接“人”与产品的关系？这是对工业软件公司进行战略分区的最重要分界线。PTC最为激进，义无反顾做出抉择，并且与SAP、Oracle这样的IT公司走到一个阵营中去，西门子在重要设备上做出了选择，而达索、欧特克则还找到足够的勇气来回答这个问题。对于仿真领域，自动驾驶则是一个最可能的突破口。</p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;line-height:0\\\"><img src=\\\":/541a8c22801340458447ae69f501b1a5\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" data-filename=\\\"640.jpg\\\" style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;height:auto !important;vertical-align:middle\\\"/></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em;text-align:center\\\"><span style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:14px\\\">图6：物联网激活汽车PLM的多米诺效应 (来源：Infosys) </span><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">那么，PLM在物联网时代，这个概念的边界到底如何认识。是让它继续变大，把所有过去未曾实现的想法，重新装入它的篮子里？还是让它随风飘散，而赋予IoT更大的雄心，重新放大数据中心的价值，以便进一步强化数据驱动的本质？</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">这个就要看人们的习惯，来回答了。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;text-align:center\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);padding-bottom:3px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;padding:3px;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);color:rgb(0,44,75)\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\">九、软件变得昂贵无边：EDA从设计，到设计服务</strong></p></div></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">毫无疑问，芯片是一个昂贵的产业。而面向芯片设计的电子设计自动化EDA则是这场昂贵游戏的幕后大腕儿。电子设计软件EDA与机械软件MCAD在上个世纪七八十年代的差距并不大，许多CAD厂商兼而有之，而且机械CAD的软件，明显超过EDA的风头。但后来随着芯片产业的发展，EDA走上了越来越专业化的路线，与机械电气CAD完全迥异的路：EDA开始跟知识产权紧密挂钩。当今这个领域，霸主Synopsys、CADENCE、西门子Mentor几乎主宰了芯片设计的市场。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">巨大的市场，机械电气CAD/CAE厂商也在伺机打破二者界限分明的局面。2008年，全球仿真软件巨头ANSYS进入一个全新领域电子设计软件EDA领域，收购了Ansoft公司。此次收购总价约8亿多美元。后者随后再次以3.1亿美元现金收购模拟软件提供商Apache Design Solutions，填补了它在集成电路仿真的布局。而2016年11月西门子，则以45亿美元收购了全球三大电子设计自动化软件EDA之一的MentorGraphics。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">这背后，则是芯片的设计，进入了惊人的烧钱阶段。先进设计的费用，从65纳米的2800万美元，上升到当下5纳米的5.4亿美元，整整二十倍的增长！</p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;line-height:0\\\"><img src=\\\":/014d37a7d07643afbf67db97bfdcdb2a\\\" type=\\\"image/jpeg\\\" data-filename=\\\"640.jpg\\\" style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;height:auto !important;vertical-align:middle;width:554px\\\"/></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em;text-align:center\\\"><span style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:14px;color:rgb(41,41,41)\\\">图7：先进设计的费用演化（来源：IBS数据）</span></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">从65nm，到40nm，到28nm，每一代技术，软件都会有50%的代码需要重新编写。而到了纳米级的时候，许多物理现象，以前没有见过。运算的复杂度，大幅度提高。许多物理突破，软件瓶颈才是关键限制因素。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">这个时候，工业对软件的依赖，是一种无法想象的程度。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">从这个意义上讲，EDA软件商可以像护士的抽血管一样，想抽多少抽多少，完全取决于她所需要的结果。就某种角度而言，它必须学会克制，防止过度撇脂的欲望。在中国的CAD市场，其实都是一样。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">这些平台兼工具的工业软件商，只需要在中国市场上控制好自己“发飙“的情绪。一家大型CAD厂商在2018年，想要提高营业收入的时候，张口就是10-15%的涨幅，几乎不需要通知代理商。想收就收，想割都割，多大的代理商和多牛的用户，在这把锋利的剪刀之下，其实都是小绵羊。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;text-align:center\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);padding-bottom:3px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;padding:3px;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);color:rgb(0,44,75)\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\">十、最大的猜测：工业软件走向无形</strong></p></div></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">工业软件的最高境界，或许就是消灭自己。既然用户要的是一个洞，那么所有的工具，诸如凿子、钻头就都不必出现了。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">最直观的一种现象是，软硬结合，正在成为工业界的一种时尚。工业软件与自动化硬件，正在紧密走在一起。西门子自动化与PLM的紧密结合，构建了一个数字企业的世界；施耐德在2017年以将近50亿人民币收购了AVIVA的60%的股权，这已经成为“工程拥抱工业软件”的老套故事；罗克韦尔投资10亿美元，占股PTC 8.4%的股权，开启了硬战略合作的典范；而更早的时候，最早的仿真软件MSC，则投入到瑞典计量设备海克斯康的怀抱。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">软件定义利润，硬件盈利时代早已结束。随着软件的注入，传统硬件像刀片一样薄的利润，正在变得像服务器一样的厚实。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">系统之间的传统界限正在消失，这使得传统机械设计与仿真的CAD/CAM/CAE软件，电子设计自动化软件EDA，以及与其他软件如制造执行系统MES、人机界面HMI等，都在融合。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">软件泛在，是这个答案的本质。在工业互联网的背后，软件才是明星。只有软件，才能搞得定机器，才能理清楚数据的价值。不再是简单的套装工具，它以另外的形式重塑工业的价值。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">泛在而无形，这或许是工业软件努力的方向。但在这无形根基之上，才能建立起高耸入云的智能制造和工业互联网的殿堂。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">什么是无形的？空气是无形的。它主宰着生命的存在。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><br style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"/></p></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;text-align:center\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);padding-bottom:3px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;padding:3px;border-bottom:0.15em solid rgb(75,0,0);color:rgb(0,44,75)\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\">小记</strong></p></div></div></div></div><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\">工业软件作为工具的记忆，正在逐步散去。CAD、CAE之类的标签，已经很难裹住一个PLM厂商的身板。这是一个很小的市场，却是一个阿基米德的杠杆支点。小的几乎不见，却在撬动着未来工业的方向，正是这微不可见的工业软件，才是新工业之所以为“新”的根本力量。</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em;text-align:center\\\"><img 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!important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;width:100%;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(75,0,0);padding:10px\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;color:rgb(65,65,65);line-height:1.75;font-size:14px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\">作者</strong></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\">林雪萍</strong>：南山工业书院发起人，北京联讯动力咨询公司</p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em\\\"><strong 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!important;word-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><div style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:15px;color:rgb(35,35,35);letter-spacing:1px;padding-right:12px;padding-left:12px\\\"><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em;white-space:normal;color:rgb(35,35,35);font-size:15px;letter-spacing:1px;line-height:30px;text-align:center;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><img src=\\\":/4297119de3b6414fad7248478b7b339d\\\" type=\\\"image/png\\\" data-filename=\\\"640.png\\\" style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;height:auto !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;visibility:visible !important;width:200px !important\\\"/></p><p style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;clear:both;min-height:1em;white-space:normal;color:rgb(35,35,35);font-size:15px;letter-spacing:1px;line-height:30px;text-align:center;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);overflow-wrap:break-word !important\\\">喜欢这篇文章？请<strong style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important\\\"><span style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% !important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;font-size:18px;color:rgb(0,82,255);box-sizing:border-box !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important\\\">关注</span></strong>，并<span style=\\\"margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100% 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